在询问有关 Linux 的问题时，请尝试说明您遇到错误的发行版。它可能会帮助其他人更好地理解问题，进而更好地帮助您。
好的，现在进入答案。
您可以使用 7zip 轻松测试存档是否损坏。如果尚未安装通过 p7zip 包分发的 7zip，请使用以下与您的 Linux 分发包匹配的命令之一安装它。
Ubuntu：sudo apt install p7zip
Fedora/Cent OS/RHEL：sudo yum install p7zip
Arch/Manjaro：sudo pacman -S p7zip
要检查是否安装成功，请运行7z。您应该会看到类似这样的输出：
7-Zip [64] 17.03 : Copyright (c) 1999-2020 Igor Pavlov : 2017-08-28
p7zip Version 17.03 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,4 CPUs x64)
Usage: 7z <command> [<switches>...] <archive_name> [<file_names>...]
<Commands>
a : Add files to archive
b : Benchmark
d : Delete files from archive
e : Extract files from archive (without using directory names)
h : Calculate hash values for files
i : Show information about supported formats
l : List contents of archive
rn : Rename files in archive
t : Test integrity of archive
u : Update files to archive
x : eXtract files with full paths
<Switches>
-- : Stop switches parsing
@listfile : set path to listfile that contains file names
-ai[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include archives
-ax[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude archives
-ao{a|s|t|u} : set Overwrite mode
-an : disable archive_name field
-bb[0-3] : set output log level
-bd : disable progress indicator
-bs{o|e|p}{0|1|2} : set output stream for output/error/progress line
-bt : show execution time statistics
-i[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include filenames
-m{Parameters} : set compression Method
-mmt[N] : set number of CPU threads
-mx[N] : set compression level: -mx1 (fastest) ... -mx9 (ultra)
-o{Directory} : set Output directory
-p{Password} : set Password
-r[-|0] : Recurse subdirectories
-sa{a|e|s} : set Archive name mode
-scc{UTF-8|WIN|DOS} : set charset for for console input/output
-scs{UTF-8|UTF-16LE|UTF-16BE|WIN|DOS|{id}} : set charset for list files
-scrc[CRC32|CRC64|SHA1|SHA256|*] : set hash function for x, e, h commands
-sdel : delete files after compression
-seml[.] : send archive by email
-sfx[{name}] : Create SFX archive
-si[{name}] : read data from stdin
-slp : set Large Pages mode
-slt : show technical information for l (List) command
-snh : store hard links as links
-snl : store symbolic links as links
-sni : store NT security information
-sns[-] : store NTFS alternate streams
-so : write data to stdout
-spd : disable wildcard matching for file names
-spe : eliminate duplication of root folder for extract command
-spf : use fully qualified file paths
-ssc[-] : set sensitive case mode
-ssw : compress shared files
-stl : set archive timestamp from the most recently modified file
-stm{HexMask} : set CPU thread affinity mask (hexadecimal number)
-stx{Type} : exclude archive type
-t{Type} : Set type of archive
-u[-][p#][q#][r#][x#][y#][z#][!newArchiveName] : Update options
-v{Size}[b|k|m|g] : Create volumes
-w[{path}] : assign Work directory. Empty path means a temporary directory
-x[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude filenames
-y : assume Yes on all queries
现在，如您所见，您可以运行以下命令来测试特定存档是否已损坏。 将archive_name 替换为您要测试的.tar 文件的文件名。
7z t archive_name.tar
在我的例子中，一个存档 test.tar 包含 2 个文件并且是健康的。以下是我收到的输出。
7-Zip [64] 17.03 : Copyright (c) 1999-2020 Igor Pavlov : 2017-08-28
p7zip Version 17.03 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,4 CPUs x64)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 10240 bytes (10 KiB)
Testing archive: test.tar
--
Path = test.tar
Type = tar
Physical Size = 10240
Headers Size = 2048
Code Page = UTF-8
Everything is Ok
Files: 2
Size: 7980
Compressed: 10240
可以看到“Everything is Ok”已经输出，说明存档是健康的。
现在我故意损坏了同一个存档。让我们看看7z t test.tar 现在输出了什么。
7-Zip [64] 17.03 : Copyright (c) 1999-2020 Igor Pavlov : 2017-08-28
p7zip Version 17.03 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,4 CPUs x64)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 10224 bytes (10 KiB)
Testing archive: test1.tar
ERROR: test1.tar
test1.tar
Open ERROR: Can not open the file as [tar] archive
ERRORS:
Is not archive
Can't open as archive: 1
Files: 0
Size: 0
Compressed: 0
您可以看到它输出了各种消息，例如“无法将文件打开为 [tar] 存档。”和“不是存档”。如果您的存档已损坏，您可能会收到相似或相同消息。