在 apache 24 中部署 python 烧瓶应用程序

Question

我开发了一个 python (python 3.6 32bit) 烧瓶应用程序，我需要将它部署在具有 apache24 32bit 的 Windows 服务器中。

我参考了https://medium.com/@madumalt/flask-app-deployment-in-windows-apache-server-mod-wsgi-82e1cfeeb2ed中的步骤

当我尝试在 apache24 中启动 httpd.exe 时出现以下错误

[Sun Jun 21 20:36:15.112840 2020] [mpm_winnt:notice] [pid 20600:tid 476] AH00455: Apache/2.4.43 (Win32) mod_wsgi/4.7.1 Python/3.6 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sun Jun 21 20:36:15.112840 2020] [mpm_winnt:notice] [pid 20600:tid 476] AH00456: Apache Lounge VS16 Server built: Apr 21 2020 16:02:41
[Sun Jun 21 20:36:15.112840 2020] [core:notice] [pid 20600:tid 476] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd.exe -d C:/Apache24'
[Sun Jun 21 20:36:15.123841 2020] [mpm_winnt:notice] [pid 20600:tid 476] AH00418: Parent: Created child process 2064
Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: unable to load the file system codec
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'encodings'

Current thread 0x00002dfc (most recent call first):
[Sun Jun 21 20:36:21.808509 2020] [mpm_winnt:crit] [pid 20600:tid 476] AH00419: master_main: create child process failed. Exiting.

Please find the SET configurations below,
OS=Windows_NT
Path=C:\Python36-32\Scripts\;C:\Python36-32\;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Micro
soft Shared\Microsoft Online Services;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Micros
oft Shared\Microsoft Online Services;C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Wind
ows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowe
rShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Binn\VSShell\


PYTHONHOME=C:\Python36-32\
PYTHONPATH=C:\Python36-32\Scripts\

Answer 1

#1 检查您是否安装了旧的 python 并将其正确删除（包括旧的环境变量、路径..）

#2 如果可能的话，我建议你将你的 python 安装升级到最后一个 3.8.x +

#3 你的问题很常见：​​你的环境变量设置不正确：

• 转到System Properties 下的Advanced 选项卡并单击Environment Variables
• 在System Variables 下创建这些变量：
  • APACHE_HOME = C:\wamp\bin\apache\apache2.4.23（我正在使用WAMPSERVER）
  • MOD_WSGI_APACHE_ROOTDIR = %APACHE_HOME%（由于您使用的是mod_wsgi，请查看pypi上的官方doc）
  • PYTHON_HOME = C:\Python37（取决于你的 python 安装）
• 转到User variables 并将变量添加/附加到PATH，如下所示：
  • PATH = %APACHE_HOME%\bin;%MOD_WSGI_APACHE_ROOTDIR%;%PYTHON_HOME%;%PYTHON_HOME%\Scripts;

#4 打开新控制台并检查您的 python 安装：

• python --version

#5 创建一个简单的烧瓶应用程序以确保一切都按预期工作

• py -m flask run

#6 在Apache 服务器上部署应用，看看这个flask doc 和官方mod_wsgi doc

• 您必须安装mod_wsgi GLOBALLY，这意味着您必须首先停用当前活动应用程序的虚拟环境。
• (venv) C:\myapps\flask\helloflask>deactivate（我使用的是venv标准和默认的python虚拟环境py -m venv venv）
• C:\myapps\flask\helloflask>pip install mod_wsgi
• C:\myapps\flask\helloflask>pip list

#7 在Apache服务器中配置mod_wsgi

• 检查mod_wsgi是否正确安装和配置

C:\myapps\flask\helloflask>mod_wsgi-express --help
Usage: mod_wsgi-express command [params]

Commands:
    module-config
    module-location

mod_wsgi-express: error: Invalid command was specified.

• 运行此命令：

mod_wsgi-express module-config

• 该命令的输出应如下所示（取决于您的系统和 python 安装）：

    WSGIPythonHome "c:/python37"
    LoadFile "c:/python37/python37.dll"
    loadmodule wsgi_module "c:/python37/lib/site-packages/mod_wsgi/server/mod_wsgi.cp37-win32.pyd"

• 复制上述命令的输出并将其粘贴到C:\wamp\bin\apache\apache2.4.23\conf。为了使事情保持一致，请找到列出模块的部分并将其添加到列表的最后。

#8 在项目根目录下创建wsgi.py 并粘贴代码（不言自明）

import os
import sys

# activate virtualenv
PROJECT = "helloflask"

# i'm using py -m venv venv
# @see: https://modwsgi.readthedocs.io/en/develop/user-guides/virtual-environments.html
# @see: https://*.com/questions/25020451/no-activate-this-py-file-in-venv-pyvenv
activate_this = os.path.join('C:/myapps/flask', PROJECT, 'venv/Scripts/activate_this.py')
with open(activate_this) as file_:
    exec(file_.read(), dict(__file__=activate_this))

BASE_DIR = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__))
if BASE_DIR not in sys.path:
    sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)

from helloflask import create_app
application = create_app() 

#9 为 Flask 应用配置虚拟主机

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerName helloflask.local

    DocumentRoot "C:/myapps/flask/helloflask"

    WSGIScriptAlias / "C:/myapps/flask/helloflask/wsgi.py"

    <Directory "C:/myapps/flask/helloflask">
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    # app = Flask(
    #    __name__, 
    #    static_url_path='/public/static',
    #    static_folder='static'
    # )
    # Alias /public/static  "C:/myapps/flask/helloflask/public/static"
    # <Directory "C:/myapps/flask/helloflask/public/static">
    #    Require all granted
    # </Directory>
    
    ErrorLog "C:/wamp/logs/helloflask.error.log"
    CustomLog "C:/wamp/logs/helloflask.access.log" common

</VirtualHost>

#10 检查你的Apache 配置

• httpd -t 如果没问题，重启你的Apache 服务器