从文本文件创建链接列表

Question

无法读取文本文件并将其存储在链接列表中。我正在读取具有名字、l 名称、优先级和阅读级别的文件。我相信问题可能是我没有正确分配字符串/tempPtr，或者我的循环一直在运行。运行程序时，它一直在运行，没有段错误。

typedef struct Student{
    char* firstName;
    char* lastName;
    int priority;
    int readingLevel;
    bookIds* wishlist;
    struct Student* next;
}student;    

student* buildStudentList(char* studentsFile, student* head)
{
    int i;
    FILE* fp;
    student* tempPtr = NULL;
    if((fp = fopen(studentsFile, "r")) == NULL)
        {
            printf("Unable to open file\n");
            return 0;
        }

    student* current = NULL;
    tempPtr = (student*)malloc(sizeof(student));
    tempPtr->firstName = malloc(sizeof(char)* NAME);
    tempPtr->lastName = malloc(sizeof(char)* NAME);

    while(fscanf(fp, "%s %s %d %d",tempPtr->firstName, tempPtr->lastName, tempPtr->priority, tempPtr->readingLevel) != EOF)
        {
            tempPtr->next = NULL;
            if(head == NULL)
                {
                    head = tempPtr;
                    current = tempPtr;
                    tempPtr = (student*)malloc(sizeof(student));
                }
            else
                {
                    current->next = tempPtr;
                    current = tempPtr;
                    tempPtr = (student*)malloc(sizeof(student));
                }
        }
    free(tempPtr);
    fclose(fp);
    return head;
}

Answer 1

我建议您更改student 结构，使firstName 和lastName 是数组而不是指针。当它们的大小始终相同时，无需使用动态分配。

typedef struct Student{
    char firstName[NAME];
    char lastName[NAME];
    int priority;
    int readingLevel;
    bookIds* wishlist;
    struct Student* next;
}student;

接下来，每当你分配一个新的student，你需要初始化wishList和next指向NULL的指针。

当您调用fscanf() 时，您需要将指针传递给您正在填写的int 成员。

您可以通过在一个地方执行malloc() 来简化您的代码，而不是在循环之前然后在if 的每个分支中重复它。将输入读入局部变量，然后在成功后分配student。

typedef struct Student{
    char firstName[NAME];
    char lastName[NAME];
    int priority;
    int readingLevel;
    bookIds* wishlist;
    struct Student* next;
}student;    

student* buildStudentList(char* studentsFile, student* head)
{
    int i;
    FILE* fp;
    if((fp = fopen(studentsFile, "r")) == NULL)
        {
            printf("Unable to open file\n");
            return 0;
        }

    student* current = NULL;

    char firstName[NAME], lastName[NAME];
    int priority, readingLevel;

    while(fscanf(fp, "%s %s %d %d",firstName, lastName, &priority, &readingLevel) != EOF)
        {
            student* tempPtr = malloc(sizeof(student));
            tempPtr->next = NULL;
            tempPtr->wishlist = NULL;
            strcpy(tempPtr->firstName, firstName);
            strcpy(tempPtr->lastName, lastName);
            tempPtr->priority = priority;
            tempPtr->readingLevel = readingLevel;

            if(head == NULL)
                {
                    head = tempPtr;
                }
            else
                {
                    current->next = tempPtr;
                }
            current = tempPtr;
        }
    fclose(fp);
    return head;
}