【问题标题】:Conflicts when find and "replace" a method dynamically动态查找和“替换”方法时发生冲突
【发布时间】:2021-09-19 13:10:33
【问题描述】:

我有一个由静态方法“列表”组成的类A。我想用一个类装饰器Meta 来改变它的行为,它作用于一个特定的静态方法,在这个例子中是content,通过执行方法m

我最初的尝试,CASE=2,没有按预期工作,所以我开始了我的案例研究。我介绍了一个新类B,它对另一个方法info 的实现略有不同,但引发了一个有趣的错误,还有一个新类C,只是没有方法info

  • 案例2:贪婪案例

d[i] = classmethod(lambda cls, *args: mcs.m( getattr(target_cls, i)(*args)) ) 不能正常工作,可能是嵌套的动态表达式太多?

  • 案例 1:本质上是案例 2,但表达式分为两行,有效
   o = getattr(target_cls, i)
   d[i] = classmethod(lambda cls, *args: mcs.m(o(*args)))

这里是代码

class Meta:

    def __new__(mcs, target_cls):
        if CASE == 1:
            print('case 1')
            d = {}
            for i in dir(target_cls):
                 if i == 'content':
                    o = getattr(target_cls, i)
                    d[i] = classmethod(lambda cls, *args: mcs.m(o(*args)))

        if CASE == 2:
            print('case 2')
            d = {}
            for i in dir(target_cls):
                 if i == 'content':
                    d[i] = classmethod(lambda cls, *args: mcs.m( getattr(target_cls, i)(*args)) )

        return type('AAA', (target_cls,), d)

    @classmethod
    def m(mcs, p):

        return '--> ', p


class A:

    @staticmethod
    def content(response):
        return 'static_method', response
    @staticmethod
    def info(response):
        return response


class B:

    @staticmethod
    def content(response):
        return 'static_method', response
    @staticmethod
    def info(response):
        response.sort()
        return response

class C:

    @staticmethod
    def content(response):
        return 'static_method', response

# call the "content" class-method of each class for all different cases
for cls in (A, B, C):
    print(cls.__name__)
    for case in range(1,3):
        CASE = case
        R = Meta(cls)
        try:
            print(R.content('ppp'))
        except Exception as e: print(e)
    
    print()

输出

A
case 1
('--> ', ('static_method', 'ppp'))
case 2
('--> ', 'ppp')        # no decoration

B
case 1
('--> ', ('static_method', 'ppp'))
case 2
'str' object has no attribute 'sort'  # <- complained about the other method

C              # <- this is ok BUT I removed the other method!
case 1
('--> ', ('static_method', 'ppp'))
case 2
('--> ', ('static_method', 'ppp'))  # <- here the decoration took place

问题是为什么案例 2 不起作用,如果是语言限制,那是什么类型的限制?

额外问题:B案例2类的错误如何解释

【问题讨论】:

  • 使用 Python 3.9

标签: python-3.x dynamic metaprogramming


【解决方案1】:

我猜这个问题是由循环引起的,起源是每个语句没有自己的范围(在循环中)。通过将i 作为lambda 的关键参数传递,解决了这个问题。

class Meta:

    def __new__(mcs, target_cls):
        d = {}
        for i in dir(target_cls):
             if i == 'content':
                d[i] = classmethod(lambda cls, *args, m_name=i: mcs.m( getattr(target_cls, m_name)(*args)) )
    
        return type('AAA', (target_cls,), d)

    @classmethod
    def m(mcs, p):
        return '--> ', p

class A:

    @staticmethod
    def content(response):
        return 'static_method', response

    @staticmethod
    def info(response):
        return response

print(A.content)
print(Meta(A).content)
print(Meta(A).content('a'))
print(Meta(A).info)

输出

<function A.content at 0x7f04500740d0> # original static method
<bound method Meta.__new__.<locals>.<lambda> of <class '__main__.AAA'>> # class method
('--> ', ('static_method', 'a'))
<function A.info at 0x7f0450074040>

【讨论】:

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