【发布时间】:2014-11-26 13:48:38
【问题描述】:
我有这个简单的 C++ 代码:
int testFunction(int* input, long length) {
int sum = 0;
for (long i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
sum += input[i];
}
return sum;
}
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
union{
int* input;
char* cinput;
};
size_t length = 1024;
input = new int[length];
//cinput++;
cout<<testFunction(input, length-1);
}
如果我使用带有 -O3 的 g++ 4.9.2 编译它,它运行良好。我预计如果我取消注释倒数第二行,它会运行得更慢,但是它会在 SIGSEGV 中彻底崩溃。
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000000000400754 in main ()
(gdb) disassemble
Dump of assembler code for function main:
0x00000000004006e0 <+0>: sub $0x8,%rsp
0x00000000004006e4 <+4>: movabs $0x100000000,%rdi
0x00000000004006ee <+14>: callq 0x400690 <_Znam@plt>
0x00000000004006f3 <+19>: lea 0x1(%rax),%rdx
0x00000000004006f7 <+23>: and $0xf,%edx
0x00000000004006fa <+26>: shr $0x2,%rdx
0x00000000004006fe <+30>: neg %rdx
0x0000000000400701 <+33>: and $0x3,%edx
0x0000000000400704 <+36>: je 0x4007cc <main+236>
0x000000000040070a <+42>: cmp $0x1,%rdx
0x000000000040070e <+46>: mov 0x1(%rax),%esi
0x0000000000400711 <+49>: je 0x4007f1 <main+273>
0x0000000000400717 <+55>: add 0x5(%rax),%esi
0x000000000040071a <+58>: cmp $0x3,%rdx
0x000000000040071e <+62>: jne 0x4007e1 <main+257>
0x0000000000400724 <+68>: add 0x9(%rax),%esi
0x0000000000400727 <+71>: mov $0x3ffffffc,%r9d
0x000000000040072d <+77>: mov $0x3,%edi
0x0000000000400732 <+82>: mov $0x3fffffff,%r8d
0x0000000000400738 <+88>: sub %rdx,%r8
0x000000000040073b <+91>: pxor %xmm0,%xmm0
0x000000000040073f <+95>: lea 0x1(%rax,%rdx,4),%rcx
0x0000000000400744 <+100>: xor %edx,%edx
0x0000000000400746 <+102>: nopw %cs:0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
0x0000000000400750 <+112>: add $0x1,%rdx
=> 0x0000000000400754 <+116>: paddd (%rcx),%xmm0
0x0000000000400758 <+120>: add $0x10,%rcx
0x000000000040075c <+124>: cmp $0xffffffe,%rdx
0x0000000000400763 <+131>: jbe 0x400750 <main+112>
0x0000000000400765 <+133>: movdqa %xmm0,%xmm1
0x0000000000400769 <+137>: lea -0x3ffffffc(%r9),%rcx
---Type <return> to continue, or q <return> to quit---
为什么会崩溃?它是编译器错误吗?我是否导致了一些未定义的行为?编译器是否期望整数始终是 4 字节对齐的?
我也在clang上测试过,没有崩溃。
这是 g++ 的汇编输出:http://pastebin.com/CJdCDCs4
【问题讨论】:
-
"是编译器错误吗?" -- 如果你不得不问这个问题,答案通常是显而易见的。
标签: c++ gcc x86-64 memory-alignment