【发布时间】：2021-12-31 20:44:04
【问题描述】：
我正在尝试编译一个使用 Python 的 C API 的文件。我在 conda 环境中工作，在 macOS Monterey 上运行。我正在使用 GCC 编译如下：
gcc -c -fPIC file.c -I "${CONDA_PREFIX}/include/python3.9/" -o file.o
gcc file.o -o a.out
问题不在于包含 <Python.h> 标头，这是正确完成的，似乎一旦包含 Python 库，其函数的符号是未定义的：
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_PyCallable_Check", referenced from:
_main in file.o
"_PyImport_ImportModule", referenced from:
_main in file.o
"_PyObject_CallObject", referenced from:
_main in file.o
"_PyObject_GetAttrString", referenced from:
_main in file.o
...
我确定问题不在于代码，因为我正在运行 Python 官方网站上的一些演示代码。尝试使用 Python C API 开发 Python 模块，编译为共享库时，也会出现同样的错误。
我也试过用distutils/setuptools编译整个东西，误差是千米，但实质和上面的一样。
上述异常是使用this demo code获得的。
ls ${CONDA_PREFIX}/lib ${CONDA_PREFIX}/lib/python3.9 的输出
/opt/anaconda3/envs/generic/lib:
Tk.icns libncurses.6.dylib
Tk.tiff libncurses.dylib
clang libncursesw.6.dylib
dtrace libncursesw.dylib
engines-3 libnode.102.dylib
icu libomp.dylib
itcl4.2.1 libpanel.6.dylib
libbz2.1.0.8.dylib libpanel.dylib
libbz2.a libpanelw.6.dylib
libbz2.dylib libpanelw.dylib
libc++.1.0.dylib libpython3.9.a
libc++.1.dylib libpython3.9.dylib
libc++.a libpython3.9.nolto.a
libc++.dylib libquadmath.0.dylib
libc++experimental.a libquadmath.dylib
libcrypto.3.dylib libreadline.8.1.dylib
libcrypto.dylib libreadline.8.dylib
libffi.8.dylib libreadline.dylib
libffi.a librustc-stable_rt.asan.dylib
libffi.dylib librustc-stable_rt.lsan.dylib
libform.6.dylib librustc-stable_rt.tsan.dylib
libform.dylib librustc_driver-5d5e1e2505841b99.dylib
libformw.6.dylib libsqlite3.0.dylib
libformw.dylib libsqlite3.dylib
libgcc_s.1.dylib libssl.3.dylib
libgcc_s_ppc64.1.dylib libssl.dylib
libgcc_s_x86_64.1.dylib libstd-dd8a82589e0cba34.dylib
libgfortran.5.dylib libtcl8.6.dylib
libgfortran.dylib libtclstub8.6.a
libgomp.1.dylib libtest-a18e5b5e2a65c941.dylib
libgomp.dylib libtinfo.6.dylib
libhistory.8.1.dylib libtinfo.dylib
libhistory.8.dylib libtinfow.6.dylib
libhistory.dylib libtinfow.dylib
libicudata.69.1.dylib libtk8.6.dylib
libicudata.69.dylib libtkstub8.6.a
libicudata.dylib libuv.1.dylib
libicui18n.69.1.dylib libuv.a
libicui18n.69.dylib libuv.dylib
libicui18n.dylib libz.1.2.11.dylib
libicuio.69.1.dylib libz.1.dylib
libicuio.69.dylib libz.a
libicuio.dylib libz.dylib
libicutest.69.1.dylib node_modules
libicutest.69.dylib ossl-modules
libicutest.dylib pkgconfig
libicutu.69.1.dylib python3.9
libicutu.69.dylib rustlib
libicutu.dylib sqlite3.34.0
libicuuc.69.1.dylib tcl8
libicuuc.69.dylib tcl8.6
libicuuc.dylib tclConfig.sh
libiomp5.dylib tclooConfig.sh
liblzma.5.dylib tdbc1.1.2
liblzma.dylib tdbcmysql1.1.2
libmenu.6.dylib tdbcodbc1.1.2
libmenu.dylib tdbcpostgres1.1.2
libmenuw.6.dylib terminfo
libmenuw.dylib thread2.8.6
libncurses++.a tk8.6
libncurses++w.a tkConfig.sh
/opt/anaconda3/envs/generic/lib/python3.9:
LICENSE.txt mailbox.py
__future__.py mailcap.py
__phello__.foo.py mimetypes.py
__pycache__ modulefinder.py
_aix_support.py multiprocessing
_bootlocale.py netrc.py
_bootsubprocess.py nntplib.py
_collections_abc.py ntpath.py
_compat_pickle.py nturl2path.py
_compression.py numbers.py
_markupbase.py opcode.py
_osx_support.py operator.py
_py_abc.py optparse.py
_pydecimal.py os.py
_pyio.py pathlib.py
_sitebuiltins.py pdb.py
_strptime.py pickle.py
_sysconfigdata__darwin_darwin.py pickletools.py
_sysconfigdata__darwin_darwin.py.orig pipes.py
_sysconfigdata_x86_64_apple_darwin13_4_0.py pkgutil.py
_threading_local.py platform.py
_weakrefset.py plistlib.py
abc.py poplib.py
aifc.py posixpath.py
antigravity.py pprint.py
argparse.py profile.py
ast.py pstats.py
asynchat.py pty.py
asyncio py_compile.py
asyncore.py pyclbr.py
base64.py pydoc.py
bdb.py pydoc_data
binhex.py queue.py
bisect.py quopri.py
bz2.py random.py
cProfile.py re.py
calendar.py reprlib.py
cgi.py rlcompleter.py
cgitb.py runpy.py
chunk.py sched.py
cmd.py secrets.py
code.py selectors.py
codecs.py shelve.py
codeop.py shlex.py
collections shutil.py
colorsys.py signal.py
compileall.py site-packages
concurrent site.py
config-3.9-darwin smtpd.py
configparser.py smtplib.py
contextlib.py sndhdr.py
contextvars.py socket.py
copy.py socketserver.py
copyreg.py sqlite3
crypt.py sre_compile.py
csv.py sre_constants.py
ctypes sre_parse.py
curses ssl.py
dataclasses.py stat.py
datetime.py statistics.py
dbm string.py
decimal.py stringprep.py
difflib.py struct.py
dis.py subprocess.py
distutils sunau.py
doctest.py symbol.py
email symtable.py
encodings sysconfig.py
ensurepip tabnanny.py
enum.py tarfile.py
filecmp.py telnetlib.py
fileinput.py tempfile.py
fnmatch.py test
formatter.py textwrap.py
fractions.py this.py
ftplib.py threading.py
functools.py timeit.py
genericpath.py tkinter
getopt.py token.py
getpass.py tokenize.py
gettext.py trace.py
glob.py traceback.py
graphlib.py tracemalloc.py
gzip.py tty.py
hashlib.py turtle.py
heapq.py turtledemo
hmac.py types.py
html typing.py
http unittest
idlelib urllib
imaplib.py uu.py
imghdr.py uuid.py
imp.py venv
importlib warnings.py
inspect.py wave.py
io.py weakref.py
ipaddress.py webbrowser.py
json wsgiref
keyword.py xdrlib.py
lib-dynload xml
lib2to3 xmlrpc
linecache.py zipapp.py
locale.py zipfile.py
logging zipimport.py
lzma.py zoneinfo
我的CONDA_PREFIX 是/opt/anaconda3/envs/generic
【问题讨论】：
-
命令
ls ${CONDA_PREFIX}/lib ${CONDA_PREFIX}/lib/python3.9的输出是什么？我想查看您可用的库的实际名称。另外，echo $CONDA_PREFIX的输出是什么？ -
@DavidGrayson 嗨，我已经编辑了我的帖子。谢谢。