【发布时间】:2011-04-08 05:44:35
【问题描述】:
假设您不知道要搜索的元素数量,并且给定一个 API,该 API 接受索引并且如果您超出范围(如此处使用 getWordFromDictionary 方法实现)将返回 null,您如何执行二进制为客户端程序搜索并实现 isWordInDictionary() 方法?
此解决方案有效,但我最终在找到初始高索引值的级别之上进行了串行搜索。对较低值范围的搜索受到this answer 的启发。我还查看了 Reflector(C# 反编译器)中的 BinarySearch,但它的列表长度是已知的,因此仍在寻找填补空白。
private static string[] dictionary;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
dictionary = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(@"C:\tmp\dictionary.txt");
Console.WriteLine(isWordInDictionary("aardvark", 0));
Console.WriteLine(isWordInDictionary("bee", 0));
Console.WriteLine(isWordInDictionary("zebra", 0));
Console.WriteLine(isWordInDictionaryBinary("aardvark"));
Console.WriteLine(isWordInDictionaryBinary("bee"));
Console.WriteLine(isWordInDictionaryBinary("zebra"));
Console.ReadLine();
}
static bool isWordInDictionaryBinary(string word)
{
// assume the size of the dictionary is unknown
// quick check for empty dictionary
string w = getWordFromDictionary(0);
if (w == null)
return false;
// assume that the length is very big.
int low = 0;
int hi = int.MaxValue;
while (low <= hi)
{
int mid = (low + ((hi - low) >> 1));
w = getWordFromDictionary(mid);
// If the middle element m you select at each step is outside
// the array bounds (you need a way to tell this), then limit
// the search to those elements with indexes small than m.
if (w == null)
{
hi = mid;
continue;
}
int compare = String.Compare(w, word);
if (compare == 0)
return true;
if (compare < 0)
low = mid + 1;
else
hi = mid - 1;
}
// punting on the search above the current value of hi
// to the (still unknown) upper limit
return isWordInDictionary(word, hi);
}
// serial search, works good for small number of items
static bool isWordInDictionary(string word, int startIndex)
{
// assume the size of the dictionary is unknown
int i = startIndex;
while (getWordFromDictionary(i) != null)
{
if (getWordFromDictionary(i).Equals(word, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
return true;
i++;
}
return false;
}
private static string getWordFromDictionary(int index)
{
try
{
return dictionary[index];
}
catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)
{
return null;
}
}
答案后的最终代码
static bool isWordInDictionaryBinary(string word)
{
// assume the size of the dictionary is unknown
// quick check for empty dictionary
string w = getWordFromDictionary(0);
if (w == null)
return false;
// assume that the number of elements is very big
int low = 0;
int hi = int.MaxValue;
while (low <= hi)
{
int mid = (low + ((hi - low) >> 1));
w = getWordFromDictionary(mid);
// treat null the same as finding a string that comes
// after the string you are looking for
if (w == null)
{
hi = mid - 1;
continue;
}
int compare = String.Compare(w, word);
if (compare == 0)
return true;
if (compare < 0)
low = mid + 1;
else
hi = mid - 1;
}
return false;
}
【问题讨论】:
标签: arrays algorithm binary-search