从列表计算并将输出打印为表格

Question

我是 python 新手。

我有以下列表：

硬件 = [“主板”、“cpu”、“gpu”]

数量 = [5, 8, 4, 6]

成本 = [210.0, 250.5, 360.8]

我想打印一个输出，如您在下面链接中提供的 txt 文件中看到的那样。

我的尝试如下：

hardware = ["motherboard", "cpu", "gpu"]
amount = [5, 8, 4, 6]
cost   = [210.0, 250.5, 360.8]

product_cost = [a*b for a,b in zip(amount, cost)]
total = sum(product_cost)

titles = ['Hardware', 'Amount', 'Cost per item', 'Total cost per hardware']
data = [titles] + list(zip(hardware, amount, cost, product_cost))

for i, d in enumerate(data):
    line = ' '.join(str(x).ljust(12) for x in d)
    print(line)
    if i == 0:
        print(' ' * len(line))

print('\n' "Total cost: " + str(total))

但是我得到的输出不是你在 txt 文件中看到的期望的输出

我附上 txt 文件。这是txt的链接：

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1vANzMk9z2cxTWJRlwH3AkudN_jlG3iah

你能帮我得到想要的结果吗？

Answer 1

这应该符合您想要的结果。您可以根据需要自行调整表格中的间距。

hardware = ["motherboard", "cpu", "gpu"]
amount = [5, 8, 4, 6]
cost   = [210.0, 250.5, 360.8]

product_cost = [a*b for a,b in zip(amount, cost)]
total = sum(product_cost)

titles = ['Hardware', 'Amount', 'Cost per item', 'Total cost per hardware']
data = [titles] + list(zip(hardware, amount, cost, product_cost))

for i in range(len(data)):
    if i == 0:
      print('{:<15s}{:>10s}{:>20s}{:>30s}'.format(data[i][0],data[i][1],data[i][2],data[i][3]))
      print()
    else:
      print('{:<15s}{:>10d}{:>20.2f}{:>30.2f}'.format(data[i][0],data[i][1],data[i][2],data[i][3]))

print('\n' "Total cost: %.2f" % (total))

Answer 2

首先您必须将行转换为列并计算每列的最大长度

rows = [titles] + list(zip(hardware, amount, cost, product_cost))

columns = list(zip(*rows))

lengths = [max([len(str(x)) for x in col]) for col in columns]

接下来，您必须单独显示行中的每个元素，因为第一列需要 ljust 而其他列需要 rjust - 并且它们都需要与 lenghts 不同的值

因为第一列中的文本比标题长，所以我在第二列中使用了额外的elif。让它更普遍需要更多的工作。

hardware = ["motherboard", "cpu", "gpu"]
amount = [5, 8, 4, 6]
cost   = [210.0, 250.5, 360.8]
product_cost = [a*b for a,b in zip(amount, cost)]

total = sum(product_cost)

titles = ['Hardware', 'Amount', 'Cost per item', 'Total cost per hardware']

rows = [titles] + list(zip(hardware, amount, cost, product_cost))

columns = list(zip(*rows))
lengths = [max([len(str(x)) for x in col]) for col in columns]
#print(lengths)

for y, row in enumerate(rows):
    for x, item in enumerate(row): 
        l = lengths[x]
        if x == 0:
            print(str(item).ljust(l), end='')
        elif x == 1:
            print(str(item).rjust(l+2), end='')
        else:
            print(str(item).rjust(l+5), end='')
    print()
    if y == 0:
        print()

print('\nTotal cost: {:.2f}'.format(total))

结果

Hardware     Amount     Cost per item     Total cost per hardware

motherboard       5             210.0                      1050.0
cpu               8             250.5                      2004.0
gpu               4             360.8                      1443.2

Total cost: 4497.20

---

编辑：与模块tabulate类似

hardware = ["motherboard", "cpu", "gpu"]
amount = [5, 8, 4, 6]
cost   = [210.0, 250.5, 360.8]
product_cost = [a*b for a,b in zip(amount, cost)]
total = sum(product_cost)

titles = ['Hardware', 'Amount', 'Cost per item', 'Total cost per hardware']
rows = list(zip(hardware, amount, cost, product_cost))

import tabulate

print(tabulate.tabulate(rows, headers=titles, floatfmt=".1f"))

print('\nTotal cost: {:.2f}'.format(total))

结果：

Hardware       Amount    Cost per item    Total cost per hardware
-----------  --------  ---------------  -------------------------
motherboard         5            210.0                     1050.0
cpu                 8            250.5                     2004.0
gpu                 4            360.8                     1443.2

Total cost: 4497.20