如何让 java 线程在不同的 cpu 中运行？

【问题标题】：How can i make java threads run in different cpus?如何让 java 线程在不同的 cpu 中运行？
【发布时间】：2016-05-18 16:30:19
【问题描述】：

几乎所有线程都只在一个 Linux 进程下运行。 如何修改我的应用程序以使其成为多 CPU。 当我使用 jstack 命令查看进程堆栈时，我可以看到 大部分工作都是由这个过程完成的

sudo -u orca jstack 15370
2016-05-17 13:50:45
Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (24.65-b04 mixed mode):

"SET:4" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000b5a000 nid=0x3c70 waiting on condition [0x00007fcf206af000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.ConnSet.processChannels(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.ConnSet.access$100(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.ConnSet$2.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"SET:3" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000b58800 nid=0x3c6f waiting on condition [0x00007fcf207b0000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.ConnSet.processChannels(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.ConnSet.access$100(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.ConnSet$2.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"SET:2" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000b57000 nid=0x3c6e waiting on condition [0x00007fcf208b1000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.ConnSet.processChannels(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.ConnSet.access$100(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.ConnSet$2.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"SET:1" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000b55800 nid=0x3c6d waiting on condition [0x00007fcf209b2000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.ConnSet.processChannels(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.ConnSet.access$100(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.ConnSet$2.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"InconmingConnMgr" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000a81800 nid=0x3c6c runnable [0x00007fcf20ab3000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.epollWait(Native Method)
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.poll(EPollArrayWrapper.java:269)
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl.doSelect(EPollSelectorImpl.java:79)
    at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.lockAndDoSelect(SelectorImpl.java:87)
    - locked <0x00000006000383a0> (a sun.nio.ch.Util$2)
    - locked <0x0000000600038390> (a java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableSet)
    - locked <0x000000060000fe68> (a sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl)
    at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.select(SelectorImpl.java:98)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.VehicularConnectionManagerBase.processChannels(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.VehicularConnectionManagerBase.access$000(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.VehicularConnectionManagerBase$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"processRequestForActualGoSafe" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000a7e800 nid=0x3c69 waiting on condition [0x00007fcf20bb4000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ManagerBase$3.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"collectConnStatsGoSafe" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000a7c000 nid=0x3c68 waiting on condition [0x00007fcf20cb5000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ManagerBase.collectStatistics(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ManagerBase.access$100(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ManagerBase$2.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"InconmingRequestMgr" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000b0c800 nid=0x3c67 runnable [0x00007fcf20db6000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.epollWait(Native Method)
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.poll(EPollArrayWrapper.java:269)
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl.doSelect(EPollSelectorImpl.java:79)
    at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.lockAndDoSelect(SelectorImpl.java:87)
    - locked <0x00000006000661f8> (a sun.nio.ch.Util$2)
    - locked <0x00000006000661e8> (a java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableSet)
    - locked <0x0000000600066208> (a sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl)
    at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.select(SelectorImpl.java:98)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.phprequest.PHPSocket.processRequests(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.phprequest.PHPSocket.access$000(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.phprequest.PHPSocket$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"InconmingConnMgr" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000b08800 nid=0x3c66 runnable [0x00007fcf20eb7000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.epollWait(Native Method)
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.poll(EPollArrayWrapper.java:269)
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl.doSelect(EPollSelectorImpl.java:79)
    at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.lockAndDoSelect(SelectorImpl.java:87)
    - locked <0x0000000600066340> (a sun.nio.ch.Util$2)
    - locked <0x0000000600066330> (a java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableSet)
    - locked <0x00000006000355e0> (a sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl)
    at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.select(SelectorImpl.java:98)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.VehicularConnectionManagerBase.processChannels(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.VehicularConnectionManagerBase.access$000(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.connection_manager.VehicularConnectionManagerBase$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"CypressFrameGenerator" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000a91800 nid=0x3c65 in Object.wait() [0x00007fcf20fb8000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x000000060007a790> (a com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.cypress.CypressFrameGenerator)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:503)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.cypress.CypressFrameGenerator.backgroundProcess(Unknown Source)
    - locked <0x000000060007a790> (a com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.cypress.CypressFrameGenerator)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.cypress.CypressFrameGenerator.access$000(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.cypress.CypressFrameGenerator$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"VqXmlGenerator" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000a94800 nid=0x3c64 in Object.wait() [0x00007fcf210b9000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x00000006000663e8> (a com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.VQuebec.XmlGeneratorVQuebec)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:503)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.VQuebec.XmlGeneratorVQuebec.backgroundProcess(Unknown Source)
    - locked <0x00000006000663e8> (a com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.VQuebec.XmlGeneratorVQuebec)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.VQuebec.XmlGeneratorVQuebec.access$000(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.VQuebec.XmlGeneratorVQuebec$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"MtqXmlGenerator" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000b17000 nid=0x3c63 in Object.wait() [0x00007fcf211ba000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x0000000600066488> (a com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.mtqxml.XmlGeneratorMTQ)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:503)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.mtqxml.XmlGeneratorMTQ.backgroundProcess(Unknown Source)
    - locked <0x0000000600066488> (a com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.mtqxml.XmlGeneratorMTQ)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.mtqxml.XmlGeneratorMTQ.access$000(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.mtqxml.XmlGeneratorMTQ$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"TimeZoneCheck" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000b14800 nid=0x3c62 waiting on condition [0x00007fcf212bb000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.timezone.TimeZoneChangedManager.checkProc(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.timezone.TimeZoneChangedManager.access$000(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.timezone.TimeZoneChangedManager$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"processNewPingOptionActivation" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000b13000 nid=0x3c61 in Object.wait() [0x00007fcf213bc000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x0000000600066c70> (a com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ping_options.PingOptionsManager)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:503)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ping_options.PingOptionsManager.realTimeBackground(Unknown Source)
    - locked <0x0000000600066c70> (a com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ping_options.PingOptionsManager)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ping_options.PingOptionsManager.access$100(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ping_options.PingOptionsManager$2.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"pingOptionsNightlyProcess" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000a9b000 nid=0x3c60 waiting on condition [0x00007fcf214bd000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ping_options.PingOptionsManager.backgroundProcess(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ping_options.PingOptionsManager.access$000(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ping_options.PingOptionsManager$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"processTripStats" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000aa0000 nid=0x3c5b in Object.wait() [0x00007fcf215be000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x00000006000670d8> (a com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.stats.ReportStatistics)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:503)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.stats.ReportStatistics.processStatsThread(Unknown Source)
    - locked <0x00000006000670d8> (a com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.stats.ReportStatistics)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.stats.ReportStatistics.access$000(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.stats.ReportStatistics$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"processRequestForActualTC50" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000a2c800 nid=0x3c5a waiting on condition [0x00007fcf216bf000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ManagerBase$3.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"collectConnStatsTC50" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000a2b800 nid=0x3c59 waiting on condition [0x00007fcf217c0000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ManagerBase.collectStatistics(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ManagerBase.access$100(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ManagerBase$2.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"DB connection reaper" daemon prio=10 tid=0x00000000009fb000 nid=0x3c54 waiting on condition [0x00007fcf218c1000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.pf.databasepool.DatabaseConnectionPool.run(Unknown Source)

"DB connection reaper" daemon prio=10 tid=0x00000000009c0800 nid=0x3c42 waiting on condition [0x00007fcf219c2000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.pf.databasepool.DatabaseConnectionPool.run(Unknown Source)

"Log Sync" daemon prio=10 tid=0x000000000094c000 nid=0x3c3f waiting on condition [0x00007fcf21ad9000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.app.logger.LoggerFile.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"Service Thread" daemon prio=10 tid=0x00000000007dc800 nid=0x3c3c runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread1" daemon prio=10 tid=0x00000000007da800 nid=0x3c3b waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread0" daemon prio=10 tid=0x00000000007d7800 nid=0x3c3a waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Signal Dispatcher" daemon prio=10 tid=0x00000000007cf000 nid=0x3c39 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Finalizer" daemon prio=10 tid=0x00000000007b4800 nid=0x3c2b in Object.wait() [0x00007fcf2318d000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x0000000600021248> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
    at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:135)
    - locked <0x0000000600021248> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
    at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:151)
    at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:209)

"Reference Handler" daemon prio=10 tid=0x00000000007b2800 nid=0x3c2a in Object.wait() [0x00007fcf2328e000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x0000000600020c58> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:503)
    at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:133)
    - locked <0x0000000600020c58> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)

"Main/ConsoleGoSafe" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000746000 nid=0x3c0a runnable [0x00007ffdefc84000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
    at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketAccept(Native Method)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.accept(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:398)
    at java.net.ServerSocket.implAccept(ServerSocket.java:530)
    at java.net.ServerSocket.accept(ServerSocket.java:498)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.console.EmbeddedConsole.run(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.console.ManagerConsole.run(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ManagerTC50.main(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
    at MDLoader.main(MDLoader.java:24)

"VM Thread" prio=10 tid=0x00000000007ae800 nid=0x3c29 runnable

"GC task thread#0 (ParallelGC)" prio=10 tid=0x000000000075c000 nid=0x3c16 runnable

"GC task thread#1 (ParallelGC)" prio=10 tid=0x000000000075d800 nid=0x3c17 runnable

"GC task thread#2 (ParallelGC)" prio=10 tid=0x000000000075f800 nid=0x3c18 runnable

"GC task thread#3 (ParallelGC)" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000761800 nid=0x3c19 runnable

"GC task thread#4 (ParallelGC)" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000763000 nid=0x3c1a runnable

"GC task thread#5 (ParallelGC)" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000765000 nid=0x3c1b runnable

"GC task thread#6 (ParallelGC)" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000767000 nid=0x3c1c runnable

"GC task thread#7 (ParallelGC)" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000769000 nid=0x3c1d runnable

"VM Periodic Task Thread" prio=10 tid=0x00000000007ef800 nid=0x3c3d waiting on condition

JNI global references: 157

【问题讨论】：

  • github.com/OpenHFT/Java-Thread-Affinity
  • 是什么让你认为“一个进程”意味着“单 CPU”？一个进程可以在多个 CPU 上运行。尝试运行“top”，然后按“1”。
  • 线程默认运行在不同的 CPU 上。你不需要做任何事情。如果您需要手动控制它，可以使用线程关联库。您很少需要这样做。
  • 其实我的问题是这个进程消耗了235%的cpu。将我的应用程序修改为多进程应用程序确实可以解决问题吗？
  • Re，“我的问题是这个进程消耗了 235% 的 cpu。”为什么会有这样的问题？

标签： java multithreading process cpu


【解决方案1】：

您似乎对线程和进程有些困惑。 Linux 中实现线程的方式也可能使其更加混乱。

在 Linux 中，每个“进程”都有一个 PID。每个轻量级进程也有一个 PID。您在 Java 的线程转储 中将其识别为 thread 是 Linux 上的轻量级进程。 JVM主进程创建的所有线程共享同一个地址空间。

但仅查看线程转储并不能告诉您哪个线程在哪个 CPU（处理器）上运行。事实上，同一个线程可以（并且可能会）分配给基于 Linux 中的调度算法的各种 CPU。充其量，您可以使用其他 Linux 工具来查看有多少个处理器（例如 lshw、ps、top）以及它们在做什么。

一些十六进制和十进制标识使这进一步复杂化。在你的线程转储中考虑这个线程：

"pingOptionsNightlyProcess" daemon prio=10 tid=0x0000000000a9b000 
nid=0x3c60 waiting on condition [0x00007fcf214bd000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ping_options.PingOptionsManager.backgroundProcess(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ping_options.PingOptionsManager.access$000(Unknown Source)
    at com.orca.pf.tc50.rt_manager.ping_options.PingOptionsManager$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

此线程的本机线程 ID 为 0x3c60，与十进制的 15456 相同。如果您在 15456 上调用 jstack 而不是 15370（就像您所做的那样），您将获得完全相同的线程转储！

top 及其threads mode 是一个将Java 中的线程（由线程转储标识）与操作系统级别的线程相关联的好工具。我在Top and Java Threads 上写了很多关于这个的文章。我也可以在这里复制它，但是有很多描述。

您的应用程序似乎已经创建了许多线程。因此，为了让您的程序利用具有多个处理器（内核）的计算机上的多个 CPU，您无需执行任何操作（除了确保您没有违反线程安全）。

【讨论】：

    【解决方案2】：

    您可以通过使用java.util.concurrent API 来利用多个 CPU 内核。

    1. 使用ExecutorsnewFixedThreadPool API

      public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads,
                               ThreadFactory threadFactory)

      将 nThreads 替换为 Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()

    2. 使用newWorkStealingPool() API

      public static ExecutorService newWorkStealingPool()

      使用所有可用处理器作为目标并行级别创建一个工作窃取线程池。

    3. 在下面的 API 中创建 ThreadPoolExecutor 并设置池大小

      public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                  int maximumPoolSize,
                  long keepAliveTime,
                  TimeUnit unit,
                  BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue)

      将Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() 作为参数传递给池大小。

    【讨论】：

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