警告消息：pairwise_count 函数

Question

我正在尝试关注 this tutorial 使用 widyr 包中的 pairwise_count 函数。

特别是考虑这行代码，其中 data 是一个包含“word”和“section”列的 tibble：

data %>% pairwise_count(word, section, sort = TRUE)

但是，我收到了以下警告消息：

1. distinct_() 自 dplyr 0.7.0 起已弃用。请改用distinct()。
2. tbl_df() 自 dplyr 1.0.0 起已弃用。请改用tibble::as_tibble()。

我怀疑 widyr 包中的 pairwise_count 函数使用了一些过时的函数，导致了这些警告。 tidyverse 中是否有更新的包或功能可以用作替代品？否则，有没有办法在不触发这些警告的情况下使用该功能？

Answer 1

使用 R 进行文本挖掘第 4 章的 widyr 部分的代码会生成已弃用的函数消息，以供使用 distinct_() 和 tbl_df() 函数。由于本书第 4 章中有 100 多行代码，我们将其缩减为相关部分以及复制警告消息所需的最少包数。

library(dplyr)
library(janeaustenr)
library(tidytext)
austen_section_words <- austen_books() %>%
     filter(book == "Pride & Prejudice") %>%
     mutate(section = row_number() %/% 10) %>%
     filter(section > 0) %>%
     unnest_tokens(word, text) %>%
     filter(!word %in% stop_words$word)

austen_section_words

library(widyr)

# count words co-occuring within sections
word_pairs <- austen_section_words %>%
     pairwise_count(word, section, sort = TRUE)

word_pairs 

...生成以下内容：

> # count words co-occuring within sections
> word_pairs <- austen_section_words %>%
+      pairwise_count(word, section, sort = TRUE)
Warning messages:
1: `distinct_()` is deprecated as of dplyr 0.7.0.
Please use `distinct()` instead.
See vignette('programming') for more help
This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
Call `lifecycle::last_warnings()` to see where this warning was generated. 
2: `tbl_df()` is deprecated as of dplyr 1.0.0.
Please use `tibble::as_tibble()` instead.
This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
Call `lifecycle::last_warnings()` to see where this warning was generated. 
> 
> word_pairs
# A tibble: 796,008 x 3
   item1     item2         n
   <chr>     <chr>     <dbl>
 1 darcy     elizabeth   144
 2 elizabeth darcy       144
 3 miss      elizabeth   110
 4 elizabeth miss        110
 5 elizabeth jane        106
 6 jane      elizabeth   106
 7 miss      darcy        92
 8 darcy     miss         92
 9 elizabeth bingley      91
10 bingley   elizabeth    91
# … with 795,998 more rows

生成这些消息是因为widyr::pairwise_count() 使用dplyr::distinct_()，然后调用tbl_df()。

#' @rdname pairwise_count
#' @export
pairwise_count_ <- function(tbl, item, feature, wt = NULL, ...) {
  if (is.null(wt)) {
    func <- squarely_(function(m) m %*% t(m), sparse = TRUE, ...)
    wt <- "..value"
  } else {
    func <- squarely_(function(m) m %*% t(m > 0), sparse = TRUE, ...)
  }

  tbl %>%
    distinct_(.dots = c(item, feature), .keep_all = TRUE) %>%
    mutate(..value = 1) %>%
    func(item, feature, wt) %>%
    rename(n = value)
}

当我们用lifecycle::last_warnings()打印警告信息时，我们可以看到警告的来源。

<deprecated>
message: `tbl_df()` is deprecated as of dplyr 1.0.0.
Please use `tibble::as_tibble()` instead.
This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
Call `lifecycle::last_warnings()` to see where this warning was generated.
backtrace:
  9. widyr::pairwise_count(., word, section, sort = TRUE)
 10. widyr::pairwise_count_(...)
  3. dplyr::distinct_(., .dots = c(item, feature), .keep_all = TRUE)
  3. dplyr::mutate(., ..value = 1)
 10. widyr:::func(., item, feature, wt)
 19. widyr:::new_f(tbl, item, feature, value, ...)
  7. widyr:::custom_melt(.)
 15. dplyr::tbl_df(.)

>

widyr 的 0.1.3 版是软件包的当前版本。要解决这些警告消息，必须替换widyr::pairwise_count() 中对dplyr::distinct_() 的引用。由于这是当前受支持的 R 包，因此要启动此过程，需要在 widyr Github Issues page 报告问题。

如警告消息中所述，distinct_() 已替换为 dplyr::distinct()，tbl_df() 已替换为 tibble::as_tibble()。

抑制警告

可以通过将pairwise_count() 包装在suppressWarnings() 函数中来抑制由pairwise_count() 产生的警告。

library(widyr)
suppressWarnings(
# count words co-occuring within sections
word_pairs <- austen_section_words %>%
     pairwise_count(word, section, sort = TRUE))

...和输出：

> suppressWarnings(
+ # count words co-occuring within sections
+ word_pairs <- austen_section_words %>%
+      pairwise_count(word, section, sort = TRUE))
> 
> word_pairs
# A tibble: 796,008 x 3
   item1     item2         n
   <chr>     <chr>     <dbl>
 1 darcy     elizabeth   144
 2 elizabeth darcy       144
 3 miss      elizabeth   110
 4 elizabeth miss        110
 5 elizabeth jane        106
 6 jane      elizabeth   106
 7 miss      darcy        92
 8 darcy     miss         92
 9 elizabeth bingley      91
10 bingley   elizabeth    91
# … with 795,998 more rows

附录

此代码在 R 的 4.0.2 版本上运行，包含以下软件包，如 sessionInfo() 所报告：

R version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22)
Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin17.0 (64-bit)
Running under: macOS Catalina 10.15.6

Matrix products: default
BLAS:   /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libBLAS.dylib
LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib

locale:
[1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
[1] tidytext_0.2.5    janeaustenr_0.1.5 widyr_0.1.3       tidyr_1.1.1      
[5] dplyr_1.0.2      

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] Rcpp_1.0.5       rstudioapi_0.11  magrittr_1.5     tidyselect_1.1.0
 [5] lattice_0.20-41  R6_2.4.1         rlang_0.4.7      fansi_0.4.1     
 [9] stringr_1.4.0    tools_4.0.2      grid_4.0.2       packrat_0.5.0   
[13] broom_0.7.0      utf8_1.1.4       cli_2.0.2        ellipsis_0.3.1  
[17] assertthat_0.2.1 tibble_3.0.3     lifecycle_0.2.0  crayon_1.3.4    
[21] Matrix_1.2-18    purrr_0.3.4      vctrs_0.3.2      tokenizers_0.2.1
[25] SnowballC_0.7.0  glue_1.4.1       stringi_1.4.6    compiler_4.0.2  
[29] pillar_1.4.6     generics_0.0.2   backports_1.1.8  pkgconfig_2.0.3