【发布时间】：2018-08-09 21:08:02
【问题描述】：
我一直在讨论如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装 rgdal 的许多线程上尝试各种建议，但仍然遇到问题。
这是我经过多次错误尝试后到达的地方。我在这里尝试了答案（trouble in installing rgdal on ubuntu 16.04）：
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntugis/ubuntugis-unstable
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gdal-bin python-gdal python3-gdal libgdal1-dev
这大部分都有效，除了 libgdal1-dev，我的包管理器说可用版本是 1.11.3，这似乎给我带来了困难（不确定我在这个阶段是否可以复制），所以我使用 Synaptic 来卸载该软件包并安装 libgdal-dev，它已被 Synaptic 标记。
所以此时，根据 Synaptic 的说法，当我搜索“gdal”时，显示的已安装文件是 gdal-bin、gdal-data、libgdal-dev、libgdal20、python-gdal 和 python3- gdal。
此时，当我打开 R 并运行 install.packages("rgdal") 时，这就是我得到的结果：
Installing package into ‘/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/rgdal_1.3-4.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 1664774 bytes (1.6 MB)
==================================================
downloaded 1.6 MB
* installing *source* package ‘rgdal’ ...
** package ‘rgdal’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
configure: R_HOME: /usr/lib/R
configure: CC: gcc -std=gnu99
configure: CXX: g++
configure: C++11 support available
configure: rgdal: 1.3-4
checking for /usr/bin/svnversion... no
configure: svn revision: 766
checking for gdal-config... /usr/bin/gdal-config
checking gdal-config usability... yes
configure: GDAL: 2.2.2
checking GDAL version >= 1.11.4... yes
checking gdal: linking with --libs only... yes
checking GDAL: /usr/share/gdal/2.2/pcs.csv readable... yes
configure: pkg-config proj exists, will use it
configure: PROJ version: 4.9.2
checking proj_api.h presence and usability... yes
checking PROJ version >= 4.8.0... yes
checking projects.h presence and usability... yes
checking PROJ.4: epsg found and readable... yes
checking PROJ.4: conus found and readable... yes
configure: Package CPP flags: -I/usr/include/gdal
configure: Package LIBS: -L/usr/lib -lgdal -lproj
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating src/Makevars
** libs
g++ -std=gnu++11 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -I/usr/include/gdal -I"/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/sp/include" -fpic -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -c OGR_write.cpp -o OGR_write.o
g++ -std=gnu++11 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -I/usr/include/gdal -I"/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/sp/include" -fpic -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -c gdal-bindings.cpp -o gdal-bindings.o
gcc -std=gnu99 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -I/usr/include/gdal -I"/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/sp/include" -fpic -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -c init.c -o init.o
gcc -std=gnu99 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -I/usr/include/gdal -I"/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/sp/include" -fpic -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -c inverser.c -o inverser.o
gcc -std=gnu99 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -I/usr/include/gdal -I"/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/sp/include" -fpic -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -c local_stubs.c -o local_stubs.o
g++ -std=gnu++11 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -I/usr/include/gdal -I"/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/sp/include" -fpic -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -c ogr_geom.cpp -o ogr_geom.o
gcc -std=gnu99 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -I/usr/include/gdal -I"/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/sp/include" -fpic -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -c ogr_polygons.c -o ogr_polygons.o
g++ -std=gnu++11 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -I/usr/include/gdal -I"/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/sp/include" -fpic -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -c ogr_proj.cpp -o ogr_proj.o
g++ -std=gnu++11 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -I/usr/include/gdal -I"/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/sp/include" -fpic -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -c ogrdrivers.cpp -o ogrdrivers.o
g++ -std=gnu++11 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -I/usr/include/gdal -I"/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/sp/include" -fpic -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -c ogrsource.cpp -o ogrsource.o
g++ -std=gnu++11 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -I/usr/include/gdal -I"/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/sp/include" -fpic -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -c projectit.cpp -o projectit.o
g++ -std=gnu++11 -shared -L/usr/lib/R/lib -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -o rgdal.so OGR_write.o gdal-bindings.o init.o inverser.o local_stubs.o ogr_geom.o ogr_polygons.o ogr_proj.o ogrdrivers.o ogrsource.o projectit.o -L/usr/lib -lgdal -lproj -L/usr/lib/R/lib -lR
installing to /home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/rgdal/libs
** R
** data
** inst
** preparing package for lazy loading
** help
*** installing help indices
** building package indices
** installing vignettes
** testing if installed package can be loaded
Error: package or namespace load failed for ‘rgdal’ in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...):
unable to load shared object '/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/rgdal/libs/rgdal.so':
/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/rgdal/libs/rgdal.so: undefined symbol: _ZN10OGRFeature17GetFieldAsIntegerEi
Error: loading failed
Execution halted
ERROR: loading failed
* removing ‘/home/[username]/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/rgdal’
The downloaded source packages are in
‘/tmp/Rtmpuc6qcT/downloaded_packages’
Warning message:
In install.packages("rgdal") :
installation of package ‘rgdal’ had non-zero exit status
我搜索了错误信息，发现了这个问题（Cannot install rgdal package in R on RHEL6, unable to load shared object rgdal.so），所以尝试运行
ldconfig -c "echo '/usr/local/lib' >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/R-dependencies-x86_64.conf"
但它似乎没有做任何事情，当我尝试安装 rgdal 时仍然收到相同的错误消息。
我从这里去哪里？
【问题讨论】：
标签： r ubuntu-16.04 gdal rgdal