SQL 将 11 行中返回的值转换为 89 列答案

【问题标题】：SQL turning values returned in 11 rows into 89 total columnsSQL 将 11 行中返回的值转换为 89 列
【发布时间】：2012-09-23 16:10:10
【问题描述】：

我需要一些帮助来将数据行转换为列。

我的每一行包含 8 列，我希望将所有这些列都包含在最终的列列表中。

通常，我会编写如下所示的 select 语句来返回与特定 ProductID 相关的所有定价行（大约 11 个）

SELECT  
    ProductID,
    PricingID, 
    COSBeginQty ,
    COSCOLCode,
    COSTrade,
    COSTypeOfPrice,
    COSIsActive, 
    COSPrice,
    COSPriceTAG,
    RowIndex
FROM 
    Pricing
Where 
    ProductID = XXXXX

我返回的每一行都有关于我想要显示所有返回值：

ProductID, 
CosBeginQty1 COSBeginQty1  COSCOLCode1 COSTrade1 COSTypeOfPrice1 COSIsActive1 COSPrice1 COSPriceTAG1  
CosBeginQty2 COSBeginQty2  COSCOLCode2 COSTrade2 COSTypeOfPrice2 COSIsActive2 COSPrice2 COSPriceTAG2  
CosBeginQty3, COSBeginQty3  COSCOLCode3 COSTrade3 COSTypeOfPrice3 COSIsActive3 COSPrice3 COSPriceTAG3   . . . .

。 . .（从所有 11 行中计算我需要的值，总共有 89 列）

这是我桌子上的脚本

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Pricing](
    [ProductID] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL,
    [PricingID] [uniqueidentifier] NULL,
    [COSBeginQty] [int] NULL,
    [COSCOLCode] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [COSTrade] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [COSTypeOfPrice] [nchar](10) NULL,
    [COSIsActive] [bit] NULL,
    [COSPrice] [decimal](12, 3) NULL,
    [COSPriceTAG] [uniqueidentifier] NULL,
    [RowIndex] [int] NULL,
    [COSCreateDate] [datetime] NULL,
    [COSLastModifiedDate] [datetime] NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_Pricing] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
    [ProductID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO
INSERT [dbo].[Pricing] ([ProductID], [PricingID], [COSBeginQty], [COSCOLCode], [COSTrade], [COSTypeOfPrice], [COSIsActive], [COSPrice], [COSPriceTAG], [RowIndex], [COSCreateDate], [COSLastModifiedDate]) VALUES (N'99533f6e-218f-48ef-bf01-03ea7808f9b1', N'5d8de11a-2399-4c68-87cd-4969827bed27', 7, N'MAN', N'T1', N'B         ', 1, CAST(23.400 AS Decimal(12, 3)), N'bf1d79bf-a60d-4603-8c2d-04492e9e1575', 1, NULL, NULL)
GO
INSERT [dbo].[Pricing] ([ProductID], [PricingID], [COSBeginQty], [COSCOLCode], [COSTrade], [COSTypeOfPrice], [COSIsActive], [COSPrice], [COSPriceTAG], [RowIndex], [COSCreateDate], [COSLastModifiedDate]) VALUES (N'94d67d13-e4e6-4360-9b7a-1cef7d997297', N'5ba0a6e9-53ed-4b9c-a9eb-2b09c41eb56c', 2, N'MAN', N'T2', N'A         ', 1, CAST(3456.234 AS Decimal(12, 3)), N'6ce7d421-e49a-469f-ae4c-a8bbb2f432fc', 3, NULL, NULL)
GO
INSERT [dbo].[Pricing] ([ProductID], [PricingID], [COSBeginQty], [COSCOLCode], [COSTrade], [COSTypeOfPrice], [COSIsActive], [COSPrice], [COSPriceTAG], [RowIndex], [COSCreateDate], [COSLastModifiedDate]) VALUES (N'e2216b52-66a9-4c29-a8ec-83c6ae03cd18', N'a8c27e9a-120c-47f2-bdd9-3e9e934ca237', 12, N'TEM', N'T1', N'B         ', 1, CAST(7234.000 AS Decimal(12, 3)), N'555c0f25-6af9-4114-8f11-096f0e5c7bcd', 1, NULL, NULL)
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Pricing] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Pricing_ProductID]  DEFAULT (newid()) FOR [ProductID]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Pricing] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Pricing_PricingID]  DEFAULT (newid()) FOR [PricingID]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Pricing] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Pricing_COSPriceTAG]  DEFAULT (newid()) FOR [COSPriceTAG]
GO

感谢 BLUEFEET，问题的解决方案如下所示

select *, row_number() over(partition by ProductID order by ProductID) rn
from dbo.pricing;

DECLARE @colsUnpivot AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @colsPivot as  NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @colsUnpivot = stuff((select ','+quotename(C.name)
         from sys.columns as C
         where C.object_id = object_id('Pricing') and
               C.name LIKE '%COS%'
               and C.name Not in ('COSCreateDate', 'COSLastModifiedDate')
         for xml path('')), 1, 1, '')

select @colsPivot = STUFF((SELECT  ',' 
                      + quotename(c.name 
                         + cast(t.rn as varchar(10)))
                    from
                    (
                      select row_number() over(partition by productid 
                                               order by productid) rn
                      from Pricing
                    ) t
                     cross apply 
                      sys.columns as C
                   where C.object_id = object_id('Pricing') and
                         C.name LIKE '%COS%'
                     and C.name Not in ('COSCreateDate', 'COSLastModifiedDate')
                   group by c.name, t.rn
                   order by t.rn
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')

set @query 
  = 'select *
      from
      (
        select ProductID,
            col + cast(rn as varchar(10)) new_col,
            val
        from 
        (
          select ProductID,
              PricingID, 
              cast(COSBeginQty as varchar(50)) COSBeginQty,
              cast(COSCOLCode as varchar(50)) COSCOLCode,
              cast(COSTrade as varchar(50)) COSTrade,
              cast(COSTypeOfPrice as varchar(50)) COSTypeOfPrice,
              cast(COSIsActive as varchar(50)) COSIsActive, 
              cast(COSPrice as varchar(50)) COSPrice,
              cast(COSPriceTAG as varchar(50)) COSPriceTAG,
              RowIndex,
              row_number() over(partition by productid 
                                               order by productid) rn
          from Pricing
        ) x
        unpivot
        (
          val
          for col in ('+ @colsunpivot +')
        ) u
      ) x1
      pivot
      (
        max(val)
        for new_col in
          ('+ @colspivot +')
      ) p'

exec(@query)

【问题讨论】：

我不确定在这种情况下，pivot 将如何工作，因为我没有预定义的范围或值来预期原始 select 语句的每一列中的值。
How can I query row data as columns? 的可能重复项

标签： sql sql-server pivot

【解决方案1】：

在没有看到完整的表结构或示例数据的情况下，您似乎可以使用动态 SQL 执行类似的操作。这同时使用UNPIVOT 和PIVOT 来获得结果：

DECLARE @colsUnpivot AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @colsPivot as  NVARCHAR(MAX)

第一部分@colsUnpivot 获取您需要UNPIVOT 然后重新旋转的列的列表。您需要UNPIVOT，因为您希望结果包含这些列的多个版本 - CosBeginQty1, CosBeginQty2, CosBeginQty3

select @colsUnpivot = stuff((select ','+quotename(C.name)
         from sys.columns as C
         where C.object_id = object_id('Pricing') and
               C.name LIKE '%COS%'
         for xml path('')), 1, 1, '')

获取@colsPivot 的代码正在获取最后一列。这些值 (CosBeginQty1, CosBeginQty2, CosBeginQty3) 是通过将row_number 应用于表中的每一行来检索的。

select @colsPivot = STUFF((SELECT  ',' 
                      + quotename(c.name 
                         + cast(t.rn as varchar(10)))
                    from
                    (
                      select row_number() over(partition by productid 
                                               order by productid) rn
                      from Pricing
                    ) t
                     cross apply 
                      sys.columns as C
                   where C.object_id = object_id('Pricing') and
                         C.name LIKE '%COS%'
                   group by c.name, t.rn
                   order by t.rn
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')

最后一部分生成要执行的动态 sql 语句。它使用@colsUnpivot 和@colsPivot 值来形成要查询的最终sql 语句。

set @query 
  = 'select *
      from
      (
        select ProductID, PricingID, RowIndex,
            col + cast(rn as varchar(10)) new_col,
            val
        from 
        (
          select ProductID,
              PricingID, 
              COSBeginQty,
              COSCOLCode,
              COSTrade,
              COSTypeOfPrice,
              COSIsActive, 
              COSPrice,
              COSPriceTAG,
              RowIndex,
              row_number() over(partition by productid 
                                               order by productid) rn
          from Pricing
        ) x
        unpivot
        (
          val
          for col in ('+ @colsunpivot +')
        ) u
      ) x1
      pivot
      (
        max(val)
        for new_col in
          ('+ @colspivot +')
      ) p'

exec(@query)

此解决方案将row_number() 与每个值相关联，然后将UNPIVOTs 与列相关联，最后将PIVOTs 与row_number() 添加到每个列名称。

PIVOT 和 UNPIVOT 可以静态执行，但由于 PIVOT 的值数量未知，因此您应该使用动态版本。如果您使用的是静态版本，那么它看起来像这样：

select *
from
(
   select ProductID, PricingID, RowIndex,
      col + cast(rn as varchar(10)) new_col,
      val
   from 
   (
     select ProductID,
         PricingID, 
         COSBeginQty,
         COSCOLCode,
         COSTrade,
         COSTypeOfPrice,
         COSIsActive, 
         COSPrice,
         COSPriceTAG,
         RowIndex,
         row_number() over(partition by productid 
                                               order by productid) rn
     from Pricing
   ) x
   unpivot
   (
      val
      for col in (COSBeginQty, COSCOLCode, COSTrade, COSTypeOfPrice
                 COSIsActive, COSPrice, COSPriceTAG)
   ) u
) x1
pivot
(
   max(val)
   for new_col in ([COSBeginQty1], [COSCOLCode1], [COSTrade1], [COSTypeOfPrice1],
                   [COSIsActive1], [COSPrice1], [COSPriceTAG1],
                  [COSBeginQty2], [COSCOLCode2], [COSTrade2], [COSTypeOfPrice2],
                   [COSIsActive2], [COSPrice2], [COSPriceTAG2])
) p

编辑 #2，应用您的示例数据，脚本将如下所示：

DECLARE @colsUnpivot AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @colsPivot as  NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @colsUnpivot = stuff((select ','+quotename(C.name)
         from sys.columns as C
         where C.object_id = object_id('Pricing') and
               C.name LIKE '%COS%'
               and C.name Not in ('COSCreateDate', 'COSLastModifiedDate')
         for xml path('')), 1, 1, '')

select @colsPivot = STUFF((SELECT  ',' 
                      + quotename(c.name 
                         + cast(t.rn as varchar(10)))
                    from
                    (
                      select row_number() over(partition by productid 
                                               order by productid) rn
                      from Pricing
                    ) t
                     cross apply 
                      sys.columns as C
                   where C.object_id = object_id('Pricing') and
                         C.name LIKE '%COS%'
                     and C.name Not in ('COSCreateDate', 'COSLastModifiedDate')
                   group by c.name, t.rn
                   order by t.rn
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')

set @query 
  = 'select *
      from
      (
        select ProductID, PricingID, RowIndex,
            col + cast(rn as varchar(10)) new_col,
            val
        from 
        (
          select ProductID,
              PricingID, 
              cast(COSBeginQty as varchar(50)) COSBeginQty,
              cast(COSCOLCode as varchar(50)) COSCOLCode,
              cast(COSTrade as varchar(50)) COSTrade,
              cast(COSTypeOfPrice as varchar(50)) COSTypeOfPrice,
              cast(COSIsActive as varchar(50)) COSIsActive, 
              cast(COSPrice as varchar(50)) COSPrice,
              cast(COSPriceTAG as varchar(50)) COSPriceTAG,
              RowIndex,
              row_number() over(partition by productid 
                                               order by productid) rn
          from Pricing
        ) x
        unpivot
        (
          val
          for col in ('+ @colsunpivot +')
        ) u
      ) x1
      pivot
      (
        max(val)
        for new_col in
          ('+ @colspivot +')
      ) p'

exec(@query)

见SQL Fiddle with Demo

【讨论】：

我不明白你在这篇文章中在做什么 --- select ProductID, PricingID, RowIndex col + cast(rn as varchar(10)) new_col, val
@Kobojunkie 我写的时候漏掉了一个逗号，请看我的编辑。如果您发布一些示例数据或创建 {SQL Fiddle](sqlfiddle.com)，将会非常有帮助。在这一点上，我猜你列中的数据。
我得到一个“列“COSBeginQty”的类型与 UNPIVOT 列表中指定的其他列的类型冲突。”请问有什么办法可以解决这个问题吗？
您必须将所有值转换为相同的数据类型。您将在 unpivot 之前的 select 中执行此转换。
请问您有空来聊聊这个吗？

【解决方案2】：

如果您可以使用动态 sql，那么这可能适合您。

DECLARE @OUTPUT NVARCHAR(MAX)
SET @OUTPUT = "XXXXX"
SELECT @OUTPUT = @OUTPUT + "," + PricingID + COSBeginQty + COSCOLCode + COSTrade + COSTypeOfPrice + COSIsActive + COSPrice + COSPriceTAG + RowIndex
FROM Pricing
Where ProductID = XXXXX

【讨论】：