如何在 SQL Server 中拆分字符串并将值插入表中

Question

我有一个这样的字符串：

72594206916,2,1/2/08,Tacoma,WA:72594221856,5,5/7/13,San Francisco,CA:72594221871,99,12/30/12,Dallas,TX

这基本上是 3 行中的每一行中的 5 个值（来自 ASP.NET 网格）。我需要在 SQL Server 表中将此字符串拆分为 5 列和 3 行。单个值用逗号分隔，行用冒号分隔。

我找到了一个将字符串分割成片段的函数，我可以从这个字符串中取出行：

declare @testString varchar(100)
set @testString = '72594206916,2,1/2/08,Tacoma,WA:72594221856,5,5/7/13,San Francisco,CA:72594221871,99,12/30/12,Dallas,TX'

select *
from dbo.SplitString(@testString, ':')

给我：

72594206916,2,1/2/08,Tacoma,WA
72594221856,5,5/7/13,San Francisco,CA
72594221871,99,12/30/12,Dallas,TX

这给了我一个包含三行的结果集（函数输出一个表）。我可以同时再次调用这个函数并以某种方式将其输出插入到表中吗？

Answer 1

假设您的拆分返回列名item

insert <table> (colname)
select y.item
from dbo.SplitString(@testString, ':') x
cross apply
dbo.SplitString(x.item, ',') y

Answer 2

函数定义，Romil
在你的 Sql Server 中创建这个函数

CREATE FUNCTION Split (
      @InputString                  VARCHAR(8000),
      @Delimiter                    VARCHAR(50)
)

RETURNS @Items TABLE (
      Item                          VARCHAR(8000)
)

AS
BEGIN
      IF @Delimiter = ' '
      BEGIN
            SET @Delimiter = ','
            SET @InputString = REPLACE(@InputString, ' ', @Delimiter)
      END

      IF (@Delimiter IS NULL OR @Delimiter = '')
            SET @Delimiter = ','

--INSERT INTO @Items VALUES (@Delimiter) -- Diagnostic
--INSERT INTO @Items VALUES (@InputString) -- Diagnostic

      DECLARE @Item                 VARCHAR(8000)
      DECLARE @ItemList       VARCHAR(8000)
      DECLARE @DelimIndex     INT

      SET @ItemList = @InputString
      SET @DelimIndex = CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, @ItemList, 0)
      WHILE (@DelimIndex != 0)
      BEGIN
            SET @Item = SUBSTRING(@ItemList, 0, @DelimIndex)
            INSERT INTO @Items VALUES (@Item)

            -- Set @ItemList = @ItemList minus one less item
            SET @ItemList = SUBSTRING(@ItemList, @DelimIndex+1, LEN(@ItemList)-@DelimIndex)
            SET @DelimIndex = CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, @ItemList, 0)
      END -- End WHILE

      IF @Item IS NOT NULL -- At least one delimiter was encountered in @InputString
      BEGIN
            SET @Item = @ItemList
            INSERT INTO @Items VALUES (@Item)
      END

      -- No delimiters were encountered in @InputString, so just return @InputString
      ELSE INSERT INTO @Items VALUES (@InputString)

      RETURN

END -- End Function
GO

传递你的参数
由于它是一个表函数，您将像处理表一样 SELECT * FROM this_Function

declare @testString varchar(100)
set @testString = '72594206916,2,1/2/08,Tacoma,WA:72594221856,5,5/7/13,San Francisco,CA:72594221871,99,12/30/12,Dallas,TX'

SELECT * FROM Split(@testString, ',')

结果集

Item
72594206916
2
1/2/08
Tacoma
WA:72594221856
5
5/7/13
San Francisco
CA:72594221871
99
12/30/12
Dallas

您现有的代码

select *
from dbo.SplitString(@testString, ':')

第二个参数需要是分隔符，因为您将 : 作为第二个参数传递，所以它会在您传递的字符串中找到 : 时破坏您的字符串，这显然在 2 个位置，您会返回 3结果集中的值/字符串

                          String1/Value1                             String2/Value2                    String3/Value3
set @testString = '72594206916,2,1/2/08,Tacoma,WA  :   72594221856,5,5/7/13,San Francisco,CA  :  72594221871,99,12/30/12,Dallas,TX'

Answer 3

创建这个 SQL 函数：

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[StringSplit](@input NVARCHAR(MAX), @delimiter CHAR(1)=',') 
       RETURNS @returnTable TABLE(item NVARCHAR(100)) AS  
     BEGIN 
        IF @input IS NULL RETURN;
        DECLARE @currentStartIndex INT, @currentEndIndex INT,@length INT;
        SET @length=LEN(@input);
        SET @currentStartIndex=1;

        SET @currentEndIndex=CHARINDEX(@delimiter,@input,@currentStartIndex);
        WHILE (@currentEndIndex<>0)
          BEGIN
            INSERT INTO @returnTable VALUES (LTRIM(SUBSTRING(@input, @currentStartIndex, @currentEndIndex-@currentStartIndex)))
            SET @currentStartIndex=@currentEndIndex+1;
            SET @currentEndIndex=CHARINDEX(@delimiter,@input,@currentStartIndex);
          END

        IF (@currentStartIndex <= @length)
          INSERT INTO @returnTable 
            VALUES (LTRIM(SUBSTRING(@input, @currentStartIndex, @length-@currentStartIndex+1)));
        RETURN;
     END;

用法示例：

DECLARE @testString VARCHAR(100)
SET @testString = '72594206916,2,1/2/08,Tacoma,WA:72594221856,5,5/7/13,San Francisco,CA:72594221871,99,12/30/12,Dallas,TX'

SELECT *
FROM [dbo].[StringSplit](@testString, DEFAULT)

结果（表格）：

72594206916
2
1/2/08
Tacoma
WA:72594221856
5
5/7/13
San Francisco
CA:72594221871
99
12/30/12
Dallas

Answer 4

类似于上面 M.Ali 给出的内容，但更短：

Use [Database_Name]
Go;

 CREATE FUNCTION Split
(
@RowData nvarchar(MAX),
@SplitOn nvarchar(MAX)
)  
RETURNS @RtnValue table 
(
Data nvarchar(MAX)
) 
AS  
BEGIN 
Declare @Cnt int
Set @Cnt = 1

While (Charindex(@SplitOn,@RowData)>0)
Begin
    Insert Into @RtnValue (data)
    Select 
        Data = ltrim(rtrim(Substring(@RowData,1,Charindex(@SplitOn,@RowData)-1)))

    Set @RowData = Substring(@RowData,Charindex(@SplitOn,@RowData)+1,len(@RowData))
    Set @Cnt = @Cnt + 1
End

Insert Into @RtnValue (data)
Select Data = ltrim(rtrim(@RowData))

Return
END

然后像上例那样从函数中选择：

USE [Database_Name]
GO
declare @testString varchar(100)
set @testString = '72594206916,2,1/2/08,Tacoma,WA:72594221856,5,5/7/13,San   Francisco,CA:72594221871,99,12/30/12,Dallas,TX'

SELECT * FROM Split(@testString, ',')

Answer 5

declare @fqdn_list varchar(max) = 'test1.qa.local,test2.qa.local,test3.qa.local'
-- temp table
DECLARE @fqdn_tbl TABLE (   fqdn nvarchar(50) )

INSERT INTO @fqdn_tbl  SELECT LTRIM(RTRIM(split.a.value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)'))) AS fqdn   FROM (
    SELECT CAST ('<M>' + REPLACE(@fqdn_list, ',', '</M><M>') + '</M>' AS XML) AS data   ) AS a   CROSS APPLY data.nodes ('/M') AS split(a)

select * from  @fqdn_tbl

Answer 6

如果您的数据库兼容 130 或更高版本，您可以使用内置函数 STRING_SPLIT：

https://database.guide/how-to-convert-a-comma-separated-list-into-rows-in-sql-server/

Answer 7

试试这个代码：

SELECT value
FROM STRING_SPLIT(@testString, ',')

Answer 8

你忘记了最后一行。在您的示例中，未考虑“TX”。你应该检查剩余的文本 avec While 循环