MS Access SQL 中 SUM 的总和

Question

亲爱的，我有一个关于 MS Access SQL 的问题。我有 4 张桌子。

在 Union All 和 SUM 之后，到目前为止，我拥有 SUM 数量的所有 COUNT。现在我需要按行和按列的所有 SUM 的总和。感谢您的帮助。

当前结果：

 ID Name  5/1/2018 5/2/2018 5/3/2018 Count
-- ----- -------- -------- -------- -----
1  Susan       20       30       45     3
2  Juan        15       70              2
3  Tracy       50       60       40     3
4  Jenny       60       8        60     3
5  Bill                         100     1

预期结果：

ID Name  5/1/2018 5/2/2018 5/3/2018 Count E_Total
-- ----- -------- -------- -------- ----- -------
1  Susan       20       30       45     3    95
2  Juan        15       70              2    85
3  Tracy       50       60       40     3   150
4  Jenny       60       8        60     3   128
5  Bill                         100     1   100
D_Total       145       168     245         558

当前查询：

select es.EmpID, es.FirstName, 
   sum(switch(es.DateS = #5/1/2018#, es.Amount)) AS [5/1/2018], 
   sum(switch(es.DateS = #5/2/2018#, es.Amount)) AS [5/2/2018],
   sum(switch(es.DateS = #5/3/2018#, es.Amount)) AS [5/3/2018],
   (max(iif(es.DateS = #5/1/2018#, 1, 0)) +
    max(iif(es.DateS = #5/2/2018#, 1, 0)) +
    max(iif(es.DateS = #5/3/2018#, 1, 0))
   ) as num_dates      
from (
select e.EmpID, e.FirstName, s.DateS, s.Amount 
      from Employee as e inner join
           Sale as s on ( s.EmployeeID = e.EmpID AND s.Amount IS NOT NULL)
      where s.DateS between #5/1/2018# and #5/3/2018#
      union all
      select e1.EmpID, e1.FirstName, s1.DateS, s1.Amount 
      from Employee1 as e1 inner join
           Sale1 as s1 on ( s1.EmployeeID = e1.EmpID and s1.Amount IS NOT NULL)
      where s1.DateS between #5/1/2018# and #5/3/2018#
     ) as es
group by es.EmpID, es.FirstName 
order by es.EmpID;

我有这里的表格和查询。
如图所示，列“E_Total”和行“D_Total”是我需要的样子。或者，我应该停在这里并在 VB.NET 中编写 DataGridView 来完成这项工作吗？非常感谢您的帮助或建议.

Answer 1

您实际上是在计算哪些列不为空。因为您是在一行中计数，所以最简单的方法就是使用IIF 语句：

SELECT DISTINCT EmpID, FirstName, 
 Sum(Switch(q.DateS = #5/1/2018#, q.Amount)) AS [5/1/2018], 
 Sum(Switch(q.DateS = #5/2/2018#, q.Amount)) AS [5/2/2018],
 Sum(Switch(q.DateS = #5/3/2018#, q.Amount)) AS [5/3/2018]
 Iif(Sum(Switch(q.DateS = #5/1/2018#, q.Amount)) Is Not Null, 1, 0) +
 Iif(Sum(Switch(q.DateS = #5/2/2018#, q.Amount)) Is Not Null, 1, 0) +
 Iif(Sum(Switch(q.DateS = #5/3/2018#, q.Amount)) Is Not Null, 1, 0) As [Count]
FROM 
( 
    SELECT u1.EmpID, u1.FirstName, a1.DateS, a1.Amount 
    FROM Employee AS u1 
    INNER JOIN Sale AS a1 
       ON (a1.EmployeeID = u1.EmpID AND a1.Amount IS NOT NULL) 
    WHERE a1.DateS BETWEEN #5/1/2018# AND #5/3/2018#

    UNION ALL 

    SELECT u2.EmpID, u2.FirstName, a2.DateS, a2.Amount 
    FROM Employee1 AS u2 
    INNER JOIN Sale1 a2 ON (a2.EmployeeID = u2.EmpID AND a2.Amount IS NOT NULL) 
    WHERE a2.DateS BETWEEN #5/1/2018# AND #5/3/2018#

) AS q 
GROUP BY q.EmpID, q.FirstName 
ORDER BY q.EmpID;

请注意，有时，您可以在使用其他计算列进行计算时引用列名，例如Iif([5/1/2018] Is Not Null。我不知道 Access 中何时允许和不允许的具体情况，所以我倾向于避免它。

Answer 2

在另一个数据库中，您将使用count(distinct)。这不是 MS Access 中的选项。

我会这样写：

select es.EmpID, es.FirstName, 
   sum(switch(es.DateS = #5/1/2018#, es.Amount)) AS [5/1/2018], 
   sum(switch(es.DateS = #5/2/2018#, es.Amount)) AS [5/2/2018],
   sum(switch(es.DateS = #5/3/2018#, es.Amount)) AS [5/3/2018],
   (max(iif(es.DateS = #5/1/2018#, 1, 0)) +
    max(iif(es.DateS = #5/2/2018#, 1, 0)) +
    max(iif(es.DateS = #5/3/2018#, 1, 0))
   ) as num_dates      
from (
  select e.EmpID, e.FirstName, s.DateS, s.Amount 
  from Employee as e inner join
       Sale as s on (s.EmployeeID = e.EmpID AND s.Amount IS NOT NULL)
  where s.DateS between #5/1/2018# and #5/3/2018#
  union all
  select e1.EmpID, e1.FirstName, s1.DateS, s1.Amount 
  from Employee1 as e1 inner join
       Sale1 as s1 on (s1.EmployeeID = e1.EmpID and s1.Amount IS NOT NULL)
  where s1.DateS between #5/1/2018# and #5/3/2018#
 ) as es
group by es.EmpID, es.FirstName 
order by es.EmpID;

注意事项：

• select distinct 几乎从不与group by 一起使用。在这种情况下，您当然不需要它。
• 当您给表格别名时，请使用表格缩写作为别名。它使查询更容易理解。
• 限定所有列名，而不仅仅是其中的一些。