分析历史记录的复杂查询答案

【问题标题】：Complex query analyzing historical records分析历史记录的复杂查询
【发布时间】：2021-05-06 12:17:38
【问题描述】：

我正在使用 Oracle 并试图检索一个人在一年中不在办公室的总天数。我有 2 张桌子：

状态

1 - Active
2 - Out of the Office
3 - Other

日程安排历史

RecordID - primary key
PersonID
PreviousStatusID
NextStatusID
DateChanged

我可以很容易地找到这个人什么时候去度假，什么时候回来，使用

SELECT DateChanged FROM ScheduleHistory WHERE PersonID=111 AND NextStatusID = 2

和

SELECT DateChanged FROM ScheduleHistory WHERE PersonID=111 AND PreviousStatusID = 2

但是如果一个人去度假不止一次，我如何计算一个人离开办公室的总天数。仅给定 PersonID，是否可以通过编程方式进行操作？

这是一些示例数据：

RecordID    PersonID    PreviousStatusID    NextStatusID    DateChanged
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1           111           1                     2              03/11/2020
2           111           2                     1              03/13/2020
3           111           1                     3              04/01/2020
4           111           3                     1              04/07/2020
5           111           1                     2              06/03/2020
6           111           2                     1              06/05/2020
7           111           1                     2              09/14/2020
8           111           2                     1              09/17/2020

所以从上面的数据来看，对于 PersonID 111 的 2020 年，查询应该返回 7

【问题讨论】：

请提供样本数据和期望的结果。根据您的描述，您可能每天都有记录，然后将它们加起来。另外，超过一年的时间段呢？这些是如何处理的？
这仅适用于指定的时间范围 - 1 年。我添加了示例数据
你把周末算作不在办公室吗？
目前不在范围内的周末

标签： sql oracle plsql

【解决方案1】：

试试这个：

with aux1 AS (
    SELECT
        a.*,
        to_date(datechanged, 'MM/DD/YYYY') - LAG(to_date(datechanged, 'MM/DD/YYYY')) OVER(
            PARTITION BY personid
            ORDER BY
                recordid
        ) lag_date
    FROM
        ScheduleHistory a
) 
SELECT
    personid,
    SUM(lag_date) tot_days_ooo
FROM
    aux1
WHERE
    previousstatusid = 2
GROUP BY
    personid;

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

如果您想要每年的总天数（或工作日）（并考虑超过年份边界的时间段），那么：

WITH date_ranges ( personid, status, start_date, end_date ) AS (
  SELECT personid,
         nextstatusid,
         datechanged,
         LEAD(datechanged, 1, datechanged) OVER(
           PARTITION BY personid
           ORDER BY datechanged
         )
  FROM   table_name
),
split_year_ranges ( personid, year, start_date, end_date, max_date ) AS (
  SELECT personid,
         TRUNC( start_date, 'YY' ),
         start_date,
         LEAST(
           end_date,
           ADD_MONTHS( TRUNC( start_date, 'YY' ), 12 )
         ),
         end_date
  FROM   date_ranges
  WHERE  status = 2
UNION ALL
  SELECT personid,
         end_date,
         end_date,
         LEAST( max_date, ADD_MONTHS( end_date, 12 ) ),
         max_date
  FROM   split_year_ranges
  WHERE  end_date < max_date
)
SELECT personid,
       EXTRACT( YEAR FROM year) AS year,
       SUM( end_date - start_date ) AS total_days,
       SUM(
         ( TRUNC( end_date, 'IW' ) - TRUNC( start_date, 'IW' ) ) * 5 / 7
         + LEAST( end_date - TRUNC( end_date, 'IW' ), 5 )
         - LEAST( start_date - TRUNC( start_date, 'IW' ), 5 )
       ) AS total_weekdays
FROM   split_year_ranges
GROUP BY personid, year
ORDER BY personid, year

其中，对于样本数据：

CREATE TABLE table_name ( RecordID, PersonID, PreviousStatusID, NextStatusID, DateChanged ) AS
SELECT  1, 111, 1, 2, DATE '2020-03-11' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT  2, 111, 2, 1, DATE '2020-03-13' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT  3, 111, 1, 3, DATE '2020-04-01' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT  4, 111, 3, 1, DATE '2020-04-07' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT  5, 111, 1, 2, DATE '2020-06-03' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT  6, 111, 2, 1, DATE '2020-06-05' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT  7, 111, 1, 2, DATE '2020-09-14' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT  8, 111, 2, 1, DATE '2020-09-17' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT  9, 222, 1, 2, DATE '2019-12-31' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 10, 222, 2, 2, DATE '2020-12-01' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 11, 222, 2, 2, DATE '2021-01-02' FROM DUAL;

输出：

PERSONID YEAR TOTAL_DAYS TOTAL_WEEKDAYS

111 2020 7 7

222 2019 1 1

222 2020 366 262

222 2021 1 1

PERSONID	YEAR	TOTAL_DAYS	TOTAL_WEEKDAYS
111	2020	7	7
222	2019	1	1
222	2020	366	262
222	2021	1	1

db小提琴here

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

只要假期不超过一年

with grps as (
    SELECT sh.*,
      row_number() over (partition by PersonID, NextStatusID order by DateChanged) grp
    FROM ScheduleHistory sh
    WHERE NextStatusID in (1,2) and 3 not in (NextStatusID, PreviousStatusID)
), durations as (
    SELECT PersonID, min(DateChanged) DateChanged, max(DateChanged) - min(DateChanged) duration  
    FROM grps
    GROUP BY PersonID, grp
)
SELECT PersonID, sum(duration) days_out
FROM durations
GROUP BY PersonID;

db<>fiddle

【讨论】：

不知何故，您的查询最后返回了疯狂的数字，117 而不是 7。我确实必须从 grps 中删除 where 子句，因为下一个或上一个状态实际上可以是任何东西。状态可以从 3 到 2 或 1 到 2。还可以有其他状态

【解决方案4】：

year_span 用于在两个不同的记录中拆分跨越两年的时间间隔

H1 添加一个依赖于 PersonID 的行号以获得每个人的正确序列

H2 获取每个状态变化的周期并提取间隔结束年份的第一天

H3 拆分跨越两年的记录并计算每个间隔的正确 date_start 和 date_end

H 计算每年每个时间间隔内经过的天数

最终查询总结记录得到输出

编辑

如果您需要工作日而不是总天数，则不应使用 total_days/7*5，因为它是一个错误的近似值，并且在某些情况下会产生奇怪的结果。

我已经发布了周五到周一跳转的解决方案here

with 
statuses (sid, sdescr) as (
    select 1, 'Active' from dual union all
    select 2, 'Out of the Office' from dual union all
    select 3, 'Other' from dual 
),
ScheduleHistory(RecordID, PersonID, PreviousStatusID,  NextStatusID , DateChanged) as (
   select 1, 111, 1, 2, date '2020-03-11' from dual union all
   select 2, 111, 2, 1, date '2020-03-13' from dual union all
   select 3, 111, 1, 3, date '2020-04-01' from dual union all
   select 4, 111, 3, 1, date '2020-04-07' from dual union all
   select 5, 111, 1, 2, date '2020-06-03' from dual union all
   select 6, 111, 2, 1, date '2020-06-05' from dual union all
   select 7, 111, 1, 2, date '2020-09-14' from dual union all
   select 8, 111, 2, 1, date '2020-09-17' from dual union all
    SELECT  9, 222, 1, 2, date '2019-12-31' from dual UNION ALL
    SELECT 10, 222, 2, 2, date '2020-12-01' from dual UNION ALL
    SELECT 11, 222, 2, 2, date '2021-01-02' from dual 
), 
year_span (n) as (
   select 1 from dual union all
   select 2 from dual 
),
H1 AS (
    SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY PersonID ORDER BY RecordID) PID, H.*
    FROM ScheduleHistory H
),
H2 as (
    SELECT 
        H1.*, H2.DateChanged DateChanged2, 
        EXTRACT(YEAR FROM H2.DateChanged) - EXTRACT(YEAR FROM H1.DateChanged) + 1 Y,
        trunc(H2.DateChanged,'YEAR') Y2
    FROM H1 H1
    LEFT JOIN H1 H2 ON H1.PID = H2.PID-1 AND H1.PersonID = H2.PersonID
),
H3 AS (
    SELECT Y, N, H2.PID, H2.RecordID, H2.PersonID, H2.NextStatusID,
    CASE WHEN Y=1 THEN H2.DateChanged ELSE CASE WHEN N=1 THEN H2.DateChanged ELSE Y2 END END D1,
    CASE WHEN Y=1 THEN H2.DateChanged2 ELSE CASE WHEN N=1 THEN Y2 ELSE H2.DateChanged2 END END D2 
    FROM H2
    JOIN year_span N ON N.N <=Y
),
H AS (
    SELECT PersonID, NextStatusID, EXTRACT(year FROM d1) Y, d2-d1 D
    FROM H3
)
select PersonID, sdescr Status, Y, sum(d) d
from H
join statuses s on NextStatusID = s.sid
group by PersonID, sdescr, Y
order by PersonID, sdescr, Y

输出

PersonID    Status              Y       d
111         Active              2020    177
111         Other               2020    6
111         Out of the Office   2020    7
222         Out of the Office   2019    1
222         Out of the Office   2020    366
222         Out of the Office   2021    1

检查小提琴here

【讨论】：