SQL - 按时间间隔拆分总时间

Question

我有一个如下所示的条目：

UserID---StatusStart---StatusEnd---StatusKey---StateDuration
Joe1--------8:59:46--------9:08:06--------可用-----500

我需要做的是把它分成两个条目。一个显示从 8:59:46 到 9:00:00 的声明时间，第二个显示从 9:00:00 到 9:08:06 结束的时间

最终，我希望能够有一些东西，我可以将这些信息应用到一个巨大的表格中，这样我就可以列出每半小时为代理花费的时间和时间。我想太多了，我很肯定我是因为我每次都把自己变成一个网络——一定有一些简单的东西我忘记了。

此外，理想情况下，无论它是什么公式，如果时间跨越多个间隔，它都会起作用。比如 StatusStart 是 8:59:46 而 StatusEnd 是 10:08:06。

Answer 1

老派方法，但我会创建第二个表：

CREATE TABLE SplitTimes (
    SplitStart time not null,
    SplitEnd time not null,
    primary key (SplitStart, SplitEnd)
)

并填充它：

INSERT INTO SplitTimes (SplitStart, SplitEnd) VALUES
('0:00', '0:30'),
('0:30', '1:00'),
('1:00', '1:30'),
('1:30', '2:00'),
('2:00', '2:30'),
('2:30', '3:00'),
('3:00', '3:30'),
('3:30', '4:00'),
('4:00', '4:30'),
('4:30', '5:00'),
('5:00', '5:30'),
('5:30', '6:00'),
('6:00', '6:30'),
('6:30', '7:00'),
('7:00', '7:30'),
('7:30', '8:00'),
('8:00', '8:30'),
('8:30', '9:00'),
('9:00', '9:30'),
('9:30', '10:00'),
('10:00', '10:30'),
('10:30', '11:00'),
('11:00', '11:30'),
('11:30', '12:00'),
('12:00', '12:30'),
('12:30', '13:00'),
('13:00', '13:30'),
('13:30', '14:00'),
('14:00', '14:30'),
('14:30', '15:00'),
('15:00', '15:30'),
('15:30', '16:00'),
('16:00', '16:30'),
('16:30', '17:00'),
('17:00', '17:30'),
('17:30', '18:00'),
('18:00', '18:30'),
('18:30', '19:00'),
('19:00', '19:30'),
('19:30', '20:00'),
('20:00', '20:30'),
('20:30', '21:00'),
('21:00', '21:30'),
('21:30', '22:00'),
('22:00', '22:30'),
('22:30', '23:00'),
('23:00', '23:30'),
('23:30', '23:59:59.9999999');

现在我可以运行这个了：

SELECT e.UserID
    ,case when e.StatusStart >= t.SplitStart then e.StatusStart else t.SplitStart end as SplitStatusStart
    ,case when e.StatusEnd   <= t.SplitEnd   then e.StatusEnd   else t.SplitEnd   end as SplitStatusEnd
    ,e.StatusKey
    ,datediff(second, case when e.StatusStart >= t.SplitStart then e.StatusStart else t.SplitStart end, 
        case when e.StatusEnd   <= t.SplitEnd   then e.StatusEnd   else t.SplitEnd   end) SplitStatusDuration
FROM EntryTable e
INNER JOIN SplitTimes t
    ON  e.StatusStart <= t.SplitEnd
    AND e.StatusEnd >= t.SplitStart

它可以使用日期时间而不是时间，并且可以在午夜工作。从日期中删除时间并重新添加另一个只是额外的摆弄。

这具有不是递归 CTE 的优点，它可能在大表上表现更好。

Answer 2

另一种选择

示例

Declare @YourTable Table ([UserID] varchar(50),[StatusStart] time,[StatusEnd] time,[StatusKey] varchar(50),[StateDuration] int)
Insert Into @YourTable Values 
 ('Joe1','8:59:46','9:08:06','Available',500)
,('ZZZZ','8:59:46','10:08:06','Available',500)  -- Added multi hour


Select A.UserID
      ,StatusStart = convert(time,IIF(DatePart(HOUR,A.StatusStart)=H,StatusStart,DateAdd(HOUR,H,0)))
      ,StatusEnd   = convert(time,IIF(DatePart(HOUR,A.StatusStart)=H ,DateAdd(HOUR,H+1,0),IIF(H<DatePart(HOUR,StatusEnd),DateAdd(HOUR,H+1,0),StatusEnd)))
      ,A.StatusKey
      ,A.StateDuration 
 From @YourTable A
 Join (
        Select Top 24 H=-1+Row_Number() Over (Order By (Select NULL))
         From  master..spt_values n1
      ) B on H between DatePart(HOUR,A.StatusStart) and DatePart(HOUR,A.StatusEnd)

退货

Answer 3

您可以像这样使用recursive CTE：

create table #temp (UserID nvarchar(100), StatusStart time, StatusEnd time, StatusKey nvarchar(100), StateDuration int)
insert into #temp (UserID, StatusStart, StatusEnd, StatusKey, StateDuration) values
    ('Joe1', '8:59:46', '9:08:06', 'Available', 500),
    ('Joe2', '8:59:46', '10:08:06', 'Available', 500)

;WITH cte AS (
    SELECT UserID, StatusStart, CONVERT(time, DATEADD(hour, DATEDIFF(hour, 0, StatusStart) + 1, 0)) AS t, StatusEnd, StatusKey, StateDuration FROM #temp
    UNION ALL
    SELECT UserID, t, CONVERT(time, DATEADD(hour, 1, t)) AS t, StatusEnd, StatusKey, StateDuration FROM cte
    WHERE t < StatusEnd
)
SELECT UserID, StatusStart, CASE WHEN t > StatusEnd THEN StatusEnd ELSE t END AS t, StatusKey, StateDuration FROM cte ORDER BY UserID, t

drop table #temp

CTE 选择开始时间和下一个小时，然后使用最后一个小时作为下一个开始时间与自己联合，直到下一个小时大于 StatusEnd。我不得不在time 那里添加几个转换，因为DATEADD 返回datetimes。

结果：

Answer 4

这是一个内联表值函数解决方案，它利用数字表来创建时间段。我还用您的测试用例制作了一个示例表，以展示您的每个请求的输出。

DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS itvf_Segments;
GO

CREATE FUNCTION itvf_Segments(@start TIME,@end TIME)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN
(
    WITH N1 (Number) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1)
        ,N2 (Number) AS (SELECT 1 FROM N1 CROSS JOIN N1 AS N2)
        ,N3 (Number) AS (SELECT 1 FROM N2 CROSS JOIN N2 AS N3)
        ,N4 (Number) AS (SELECT 1 FROM N3 CROSS JOIN N3 AS N4)
        ,Numbers (Number) AS (SELECT TOP 48 ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) - 1 FROM N4)
        ,Times (StartTime,EndTime) AS (SELECT TIMEFROMPARTS(Number/2,Number%2*30,0,0,0),DATEADD(minute,30,TIMEFROMPARTS(Number/2,Number%2*30,0,0,0)) FROM Numbers)
    SELECT 
        CASE WHEN @start > T.StartTime THEN @start ELSE T.StartTime END AS NewStatusStart
        ,CASE WHEN @end < T.EndTime THEN @end ELSE T.EndTime END AS NewStatusEnd
    FROM Times AS T
    WHERE @start <= T.EndTime
        AND @end >= T.StartTime
)
GO
;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS UserStatus;

CREATE TABLE UserStatus
(
    UserID VARCHAR(10)
    ,StatusStart TIME
    ,StatusEnd TIME
    ,StatusKey VARCHAR(25)
    ,StateDuration SMALLINT
)
;

INSERT INTO UserStatus
(UserID,StatusStart,StatusEnd,StatusKey,StateDuration)
VALUES
('Joe1','08:59:46','09:08:06','Available',500)
,('Joe2','08:59:46','10:08:06','Available',500)
;

SELECT *
FROM UserStatus
    CROSS APPLY itvf_Segments(StatusStart,StatusEnd)
ORDER BY UserID,NewStatusStart,NewStatusEnd
;