我正在尝试实现一个与 facebook 非常相似的消息系统。消息表是：
+--------+----------+--------+-----+----------+
| msg_id | msg_from | msg_to | msg | msg_time |
+--------+----------+--------+-----+----------+
这里msg_from 和msg_to 包含用户ID，msg_time 包含消息的时间戳。一个用户的用户 ID 可以同时出现在 to 和 from 列中，并且对于另一个用户可以多次出现。我应该如何编写一个 SQL 查询来选择两个用户之间最近发送的消息？ （消息可以来自任何一个） 1 to 2 或 2 to 1 。
【问题讨论】：
标签： mysql
既然 John Woo 澄清它不是定向的，这是我的新答案：
select *
from msgsList
where (least(msg_from, msg_to), greatest(msg_from, msg_to), msg_time)
in
(
select
least(msg_from, msg_to) as x, greatest(msg_from, msg_to) as y,
max(msg_time) as msg_time
from msgsList
group by x, y
);
输出：
| MSG_ID | MSG_FROM | MSG_TO | MSG | MSG_TIME |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | 1 | 2 | hello | January, 23 2010 17:00:00-0800 |
| 5 | 1 | 3 | me too | January, 23 2012 00:15:00-0800 |
| 6 | 3 | 2 | hello | January, 23 2012 01:12:12-0800 |
对于这个输入：
create table msgsList
(
msg_id int,
msg_from int,
msg_to int,
msg varchar(10),
msg_time datetime
);
insert into msgslist VALUES
(1, 1, 2, 'hello', '2010-01-23 17:00:00'), -- shown
(2, 2, 1, 'world', '2010-01-23 16:00:00'),
(3, 3, 1, 'i am alive', '2011-01-23 00:00:00'),
(4, 3, 1, 'really', '2011-01-22 23:15:00'),
(5, 1, 3, 'me too', '2012-01-23 00:15:00'), -- shown
(6, 3, 2, 'hello', '2012-01-23 01:12:12'); -- shown
如果 ANSI SQL 是您的理想之选，那么可以这样做：http://sqlfiddle.com/#!2/0a575/19
select *
from msgsList z
where exists
(
select null
from msgsList
where
least(z.msg_from, z.msg_to) = least(msg_from, msg_to)
and greatest(z.msg_from, z.msg_to) = greatest(msg_from, msg_to)
group by least(msg_from, msg_to), greatest(msg_from, msg_to)
having max(msg_time) = z.msg_time
) ;
【讨论】：
+1 用于使用 LEAST 和 GREATEST
就这么简单吗？ http://www.sqlfiddle.com/#!2/50f9f/1
set @User1 := 'John';
set @User2 := 'Paul';
select *
from
(
select *
from messages
where msg_from = @User1 and msg_to = @User2
order by msg_time desc
limit 1
) as x
union
select *
from
(
select *
from messages
where msg_from = @User2 and msg_to = @User1
order by msg_time desc
limit 1
) as x
order by msg_time desc
输出：
| MSG_ID | MSG_FROM | MSG_TO | MSG | MSG_TIME |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 2 | Paul | John | Hey Johnny! | August, 20 2012 00:00:00-0700 |
| 1 | John | Paul | Hey Paulie! | August, 19 2012 00:00:00-0700 |
如果只有 MySQL 支持窗口函数会简单很多：http://www.sqlfiddle.com/#!1/e4781/8
with recent_message as
(
select *, rank() over(partition by msg_from, msg_to order by msg_time desc) as r
from messages
)
select *
from recent_message
where r = 1
and
(
(msg_from = 'John' and msg_to = 'Paul')
or
(msg_from = 'Paul' and msg_to = 'John')
)
order by msg_time desc;
【讨论】：
msgid = 2，因为它是最新的，并且消息可以通过John to Paul 或Paul to John 发送
peter and north 与 north and peter 相同的结果：D 顺便说一句，你是 pinoy 吗？呵呵
对于像这样的任何复杂查询，请使用 TDQD — 测试驱动的查询设计。逐步设计答案，步骤的大小取决于您的经验以及您对问题的理解程度。
在整个过程中，我假设用户 ID 是整数；我使用的值是 1000 和 2000。
SELECT MAX(msg_time) AS msg_time
FROM message
WHERE ((msg_to = 1000 AND msg_from = 2000) OR
(msg_to = 2000 AND msg_from = 1000)
)
SELECT m.*
FROM message AS m
JOIN (SELECT MAX(msg_time) AS msg_time
FROM message
WHERE ((msg_to = 1000 AND msg_from = 2000) OR
(msg_to = 2000 AND msg_from = 1000)
)
) AS t
ON t.msg_time = m.msg_time
WHERE ((m.msg_to = 1000 AND m.msg_from = 2000) OR
(m.msg_to = 2000 AND m.msg_from = 1000)
)
如果这些字符之间恰好有两条（或更多条）消息具有相同的最新时间戳，那么它们都会被选中；目前没有在碰撞之间进行选择的依据。如果您认为这是个问题，您可以安排使用上面的查询（作为子查询）查找MAX(msg_id)：
SELECT m2.*
FROM message AS m2
JOIN (SELECT MAX(m.msg_id) AS msg_id
FROM message AS m
JOIN (SELECT MAX(msg_time) AS msg_time
FROM message
WHERE ((msg_to = 1000 AND msg_from = 2000) OR
(msg_to = 2000 AND msg_from = 1000)
)
) AS t
ON t.msg_time = m.msg_time
WHERE ((m.msg_to = 1000 AND m.msg_from = 2000) OR
(m.msg_to = 2000 AND m.msg_from = 1000)
)
) AS i
ON i.msg_id = m2.msg_id
警告：代码未经任何 DBMS 正式测试。
【讨论】：
经过一番思考，我想出了这个：
SELECT min_user AS min(msg_from, msg_to), max_user AS max(msg_from, msg_to),
max(msg_date) FROM msg GROUP BY min_user, max_user
我仍然不太确定如何从消息中获取附加数据，但我会考虑一下。
【讨论】：