使用 MySQL 和 PHP 在多个表中搜索

【问题标题】：Search in multiple tables using MySQL and PHP使用 MySQL 和 PHP 在多个表中搜索
【发布时间】：2017-12-26 18:36:17
【问题描述】：

我正在使用 PHP 和 MySQL 构建一个在线词汇表。 搜索页面由两个下拉列表和一个用户输入所需术语的搜索字段组成。

我已经创建了八个表：

  • 四种语言及其变体（例如美国和英国的英语）
  • 四种语言的定义（英语定义、法语定义等）。

我被困在用户输入术语以获得所需翻译和相应定义的地方。 如何构建与目标语言匹配并根据下拉列表中的选择提供定义的 SQL 查询？ 这是我到目前为止编写的代码。

HTML 表单 - 查询文件

     <!-- Create Form -->
      <!-- Send data with the 'post' method to the file called 'retrieve.php' -->
      <form action="retrieve.php" method="post">
    
        <!-- Choose source language -->
        <!-- Flex Container, 1st div -->
        <div class="flex-container">
          <!-- Flex Container, 1st div -->
          <div>
          <p class="instruction-frame" id="srclanguage">Source Language<br />
              <!-- Indication for single selection -->
              <span class="smallfont">Select a single language</span></p>
    
              <!-- Adjust the width of the select list-->
              <select class="my_dropdown" name="source" size="5">
                <option cvalue="">-- Select --</option>
                <option value="Terms_de">German</option>
                <option value="Terms_us">English - US</option>
                <option value="Terms_uk">English - UK</option>
                <option value="Terms_fr">French</option>
                <option value="Terms_ardz">Arabic - Algeria</option>
                <option value="Terms_arbh">Arabic - Bahrain</option>
                <option value="Terms_artd">Arabic - Chad</option>
                <option value="Terms_arkm">Arabic - Comoros</option>
                <option value="Terms_ardj">Arabic - Djibouti</option>
                <option value="Terms_areg">Arabic - Egypt</option>
                <option value="Terms_arer">Arabic - Eritrea</option>
                <option value="Terms_ariq">Arabic - Iraq</option>
                <option value="Terms_aril">Arabic - Israel</option>
                <option value="Terms_arjo">Arabic - Jordan</option>
                <option value="Terms_arkw">Arabic - Kuwait</option>
                <option value="Terms_arlb">Arabic - Lebanon</option>
                <option value="Terms_arly">Arabic - Libya</option>
                <option value="Terms_armt">Arabic - Malta</option>
                <option value="Terms_armr">Arabic - Mauritania</option>
                <option value="Terms_arma">Arabic - Morocco</option>
                <option value="Terms_arom">Arabic - Oman</option>
                <option value="Terms_arps">Arabic - Palestine</option>
                <option value="Terms_arqa">Arabic - Qatar</option>
                <option value="Terms_arsa">Arabic - Saudi Arabia</option>
                <option value="Terms_arso">Arabic - Somalia</option>
                <option value="Terms_arsd">Arabic - Sudan</option>
                <option value="Terms_arsy">Arabic - Syria</option>
                <option value="Terms_artz">Arabic - Tanzania</option>
                <option value="Terms_artn">Arabic - Tunisia</option>
                <option value="Terms_arae">Arabic - UAE</option>
                <option value="Terms_arye">Arabic - Yemen</option>
              </select>
            </div>
    
            <!-- Flex Container, 2nd div -->
            <div>
              <p class="instruction-frame" id="trgtlanguage">Target Languages<br />
                <!-- Indication for multiple selection -->
                <span class="smallfont">Hold Ctrl for multiple selection</span></p>
                <!-- Allowing multiple selection -->
                <select class="my_dropdown" name="target" size="5" multiple="multiple">
                <option value="">-- Select --</option>
                <option value="Terms_de">German</option>
                <option value="Terms_us">English - US</option>
                <option value="Terms_uk">English - UK</option>
                <option value="Terms_fr">French</option>
                <option value="Terms_ardz">Arabic - Algeria</option>
                <option value="Terms_arbh">Arabic - Bahrain</option>
                <option value="Terms_artd">Arabic - Chad</option>
                <option value="Terms_arkm">Arabic - Comoros</option>
                <option value="Terms_ardj">Arabic - Djibouti</option>
                <option value="Terms_areg">Arabic - Egypt</option>
                <option value="Terms_arer">Arabic - Eritrea</option>
                <option value="Terms_ariq">Arabic - Iraq</option>
                <option value="Terms_aril">Arabic - Israel</option>
                <option value="Terms_arjo">Arabic - Jordan</option>
                <option value="Terms_arkw">Arabic - Kuwait</option>
                <option value="Terms_arlb">Arabic - Lebanon</option>
                <option value="Terms_arly">Arabic - Libya</option>
                <option value="Terms_armt">Arabic - Malta</option>
                <option value="Terms_armr">Arabic - Mauritania</option>
                <option value="Terms_arma">Arabic - Morocco</option>
                <option value="Terms_arom">Arabic - Oman</option>
                <option value="Terms_arps">Arabic - Palestine</option>
                <option value="Terms_arqa">Arabic - Qatar</option>
                <option value="Terms_arsa">Arabic - Saudi Arabia</option>
                <option value="Terms_arso">Arabic - Somalia</option>
                <option value="Terms_arsd">Arabic - Sudan</option>
                <option value="Terms_arsy">Arabic - Syria</option>
                <option value="Terms_artz">Arabic - Tanzania</option>
                <option value="Terms_artn">Arabic - Tunisia</option>
                <option value="Terms_arae">Arabic - UAE</option>
                <option value="Terms_arye">Arabic - Yemen</option>
                </select> 
              </div>
    
              <!-- Position the submit button at the bottom -->
              <div class="button">
                <div class="row" id="button">
                  <div class="col-lg-12">
                    <div class="input-group">
                      <input type="text" class="form-control" name="search" placeholder="Enter your term..." aria-label="Enter your term here">
                      <span class="input-group-btn">
                        <!-- Choose different color for the button through 'btn-primary' --> 
                        <!-- type 'submit' to call the file 'retrieve.php' once the user clicks the button -->
                        <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Search</button>
                      </span>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
    
            </div>

PHP - 检索文件

<?php 
        //Connect to the MySQL server with mysqli
  require_once 'login.php';
  $conn = new mysqli($hostname, $username, $password, $database);
  if ($conn->connect_error) 
  {
    echo "Connection to database failed. Please retry later.";
    exit;
  }

        //Reduce length of variable names 
        //Check if mandatory fields have been filled in
  if (isset($_POST['source'])) {
    $source=$_POST['source'];
  }
  else {
    echo"<p class=\"warning\">"."A mandatory field is still empty. Please retry again."."<br />"."<br />"."<a href=\"query.php\">"."<img src=\"stock-home.png\" alt=\"Home\" />"."</a>"."</p>";
    exit;
  }

  if (isset($_POST['target'])) {
    $target=$_POST['target'];
  }
  else {
    echo"<p class=\"warning\">"."A mandatory field is still empty. Please retry again."."<br />"."<br />"."<a href=\"query.php\">"."<img src=\"stock-home.png\" alt=\"Home\" />"."</a>"."</p>";
    exit;
  }

  if (isset($_POST['search'])) { 
    $search=$_POST['search'];
  }
  else {
    echo"<p class=\"warning\">"."A mandatory field is still empty. Please retry again."."<br />"."<br />"."<a href=\"query.php\">"."<img src=\"stock-home.png\" alt=\"Home\" />"."</a>"."</p>";
    exit;
  }

  if (!$search || !$source || !$target) 
  {
    echo"<p class=\"warning\">"."A mandatory field is still empty. Please retry again."."<br />"."<br />"."<a href=\"query.php\">"."<img src=\"stock-home.png\" alt=\"Home\" />"."</a>"."</p>";
    exit;
  }

      //Remove whitespace from beginning and end of the string
  $search=trim($search);

      //Escaping control characters

  if (!get_magic_quotes_gpc()) 
  {
  $source = addslashes($source);
  $target = addslashes($target);
  $search = addslashes($search);
  }

  //Test

  $query = "SELECT * FROM legal_glossary.determs WHERE ".$source." LIKE '%".$search."%'";
  $result = $conn->query($query);

  $num_results = $result->num_rows;

  echo '<p>Number of entries found: '.$num_results.'</p>';


  ?>

SQL定义文件

/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `ardef` (
  `ardef_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `ardef` varchar(128) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`ardef_id`),
  KEY `fk_arabic-definitions_idx` (`Terms_id`),
  KEY `ardefix` (`ardef`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_arabic-definitions` FOREIGN KEY (`Terms_id`) REFERENCES `determs` (`Terms_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `ardef`
--



CREATE TABLE `arterms` (
  `arterms_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `Terms_arma` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_ardz` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arbh` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_artd` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arkm` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_ardj` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_areg` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arer` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_ariq` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_aril` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arjo` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arkw` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arlb` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arly` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_armt` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_armr` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arom` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arps` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arqa` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arsa` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arso` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arsd` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arsy` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_artz` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_artn` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arae` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_arye` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`arterms_id`),
  KEY `fk_arterms_idx` (`Terms_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_arterms` FOREIGN KEY (`Terms_id`) REFERENCES `determs` (`Terms_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `arterms`
--




CREATE TABLE `dedef` (
  `dedef_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `dedef` varchar(128) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`dedef_id`),
  KEY `fk_german_definitions_1_idx` (`Terms_id`),
  KEY `dedefix` (`dedef`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_german_definitions_1` FOREIGN KEY (`Terms_id`) REFERENCES `determs` (`Terms_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `dedef`
--


CREATE TABLE `determs` (
  `Terms_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `Terms_de` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_updated` timestamp NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT 'Time when record was updated.',
  `Terms_created` timestamp NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT 'Time when record was created.',
  PRIMARY KEY (`Terms_id`),
  KEY `determ` (`Terms_de`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;


/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `endef` (
  `endef_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `endef` varchar(128) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`endef_id`),
  KEY `fk_english-definitions_idx` (`Terms_id`),
  KEY `endefix` (`endef`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_english-definitions` FOREIGN KEY (`Terms_id`) REFERENCES `determs` (`Terms_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;



/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `enterms` (
  `enterms_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `Terms_uk` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_us` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`enterms_id`),
  KEY `fk_enterms_1_idx` (`Terms_id`),
  KEY `ukterm` (`Terms_uk`),
  KEY `usterm` (`Terms_us`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_enterms_1` FOREIGN KEY (`Terms_id`) REFERENCES `determs` (`Terms_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--

/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `frdef` (
  `frdef_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `frdef` varchar(128) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`frdef_id`),
  KEY `fk_french-definitions_idx` (`Terms_id`),
  KEY `frdefix` (`frdef`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_french-definitions` FOREIGN KEY (`Terms_id`) REFERENCES `determs` (`Terms_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--

/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `frterms` (
  `frterms_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `Terms_fr` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Terms_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`frterms_id`),
  KEY `fk_frterms_idx` (`Terms_id`),
  KEY `frterm` (`Terms_fr`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_frterms` FOREIGN KEY (`Terms_id`) REFERENCES `determs` (`Terms_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `frterms`
--

LOCK TABLES `frterms` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `frterms` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `frterms` VALUES (1,'Contrat de mariage',1),(3,'Extrait du casier judiciaire',4),(4,'Registre des marriages',2);
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `frterms` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2017-12-20 16:50:28

【问题讨论】：

  • 请详细说明您的表格的目的：词汇表还是翻译表格？输入什么得到什么？还请提供一些数据和每个指定搜索所需结果的工作示例。
  • 感谢您的快速反馈。该表格允许用户选择源语言和目标语言。用户选择语言对，然后在搜索字段中插入一个术语并获得其术语的翻译。您输入术语“Perfect”，从下拉列表中选择英语作为源和法语作为目标，结果应显示如下：Source: Perfect Target: Parfait。
  • SELECT * FROM multiple tables. MySQL的可能重复
  • “我创建了八个表” - 为什么？它应该只是一个，即使您依赖于不同的排序规则。
  • @symcbean：我认为使用更多的表会提供更多的灵活性，但现在考虑一下，我意识到可能没有你建议的必要。

标签： php html mysql sql forms


【解决方案1】：

按照建议，标准化您的数据库架构，以使用一个带有指标的长表进行扩展，而不是使用具有不同名称的类似结构的表。例如，Perfect 的以下翻译需要与所有其他可能的配对进行交叉匹配：

翻译条款

TermID Langauge   Variant   Term
1      English    US        Perfect 
2      French     France    Parfait
3      German     Germany   Perfekt
4      Spanish    Spain     Perfecto
5      Swahili    Kenya     Inafaa
6      Arabic     Kuwait    في احسن الاحوال
...

翻译匹配

MatchID  SourceTermID  TargetTermID  
1        2             1
2        3             1                 
3        4             1
4        5             1
5        6             1
6        1             2
7        3             2
8        4             2
9        5             2
10       6             2
11       1             3
12       2             3
13       4             3
14       5             3
15       6             3
16       1             4
17       2             4
18       3             4
19       5             4
20       6             4
21       1             5
22       2             5
23       3             5
24       4             5
25       6             5
26       1             6
27       2             6
28       3             6
29       4             6
30       5             6

然后在 PHP 中使用self-join 查询同时连接到匹配表的术语表

$source = addslashes($source);
$target = addslashes($target);
$search = addslashes($search);

// LIST OF ALL TARGET TERMS
$query = "SELECT trgt.Term 
          FROM TranslationMatches m
          INNER JOIN TranslationTerms src
             ON m.SourceTermID = src.TermID AND src.Language = ?
          INNER JOIN TranslationTerms trgt
             ON m.TargetTermID = trgt.TermID AND trgt.Language = ?
          WHERE src.Term LIKE ?;"

$stmt = $conn->prepare($query);
$stmt->bind_param("sss", $source, $target, "%".$search."%")

$stmt->execute($query);
$stmt->store_result();

$num_results = $stmt->num_rows;

echo '<p>Number of entries found: '.$num_results.'</p>';

【讨论】：

  • 非常感谢您的帮助。如果我有任何疑问，我会检查您的建议并回复您。
【解决方案2】：

除了 Parfait 答案之外，您可能希望在 TranslationMatches 表中添加额外的列“match_percentage”，以便一个术语可以有多个匹配项，并且每个匹配项都有匹配强度或百分比，因为语言中的单词很少有 100% 匹配并且有上下文相关的翻译。这样，对于每个术语，您可以向用户显示多个单词，这些单词可能是由 match_percentage 列排序的正确翻译。 我希望这会有所帮助。

【讨论】：

  • 欢迎使用，希望对您的项目有所帮助。
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