如何在 ms 访问中的一个查询中从同一个表中获取数据

Question

我的 ms access sql 查询有问题。 我想从 Report 中获取每个 ReportPosition。在每个 ReportPosition 中都有一个来自死者的 Pknr，它的名字和姓氏及其类型。以及匹配的养老金领取者的 pknr 名和姓

我有以下表格：

报告位置

+-----------------------+---------------+----------+
| ReportPositionId(PK1) | ReportId(PK1) | Pknr(FK) |
+-----------------------+---------------+----------+
|                     1 |             1 |   123121 |
|                     2 |             1 |   456451 |
|                     3 |             1 |   789782 |
+-----------------------+---------------+----------+

养老金领取者

+----------+-----------+------------+--------------+--------------+
| PKNR(PK) | LastName  | FirstName  | PKNRdeceased | deceasedType |
+----------+-----------+------------+--------------+--------------+
|   123121 | Lastname1 | Firstname1 |       123120 |            1 |
|   456451 | Lastname2 | Firstname2 |       456450 |            1 |
|   789782 | Lastname3 | Firstname3 |       789780 |            2 |
|   123120 | Lastname4 | Firstname4 |            0 |            0 |
|   456450 | Lastname5 | Firstname5 |            0 |            0 |
|   789780 | Lastname6 | Firstname6 |            0 |            0 |
+----------+-----------+------------+--------------+--------------+

已故类型

+--------+-------------+
| TypeId |     Bez     |
+--------+-------------+
|      0 | Pensioner   |
|      1 | Widow       |
|      2 | first Child |
+--------+-------------+

我需要以下输出：

+----------------+----------+--------+-----------+------------+---
| ReportPosition | ReportId |  PKNR  | lastname  | firstname  |
+----------------+----------+--------+-----------+------------+---
|              1 |        1 | 123121 | lastname1 | firstname1 |
|              2 |        1 | 456451 | lastname2 | firstname2 |
|              3 |        1 | 789782 | lastname3 | firstname3 |
+----------------+----------+--------+-----------+------------+---
--+--------------+--------------+---------------------+--------------------+
  | deceasedtype | PKNRdeceased | lasttname deaceased | firstname deceased |
--+--------------+--------------+---------------------+--------------------+
  |            1 |       123120 | lastname4           | firstname4         |
  |            1 |       456450 | lastname5           | firstname5         |
  |            2 |       789780 | lastname6           | firstname6         |
--+--------------+--------------+---------------------+--------------------+

我已经尝试过了，但没有得到想要的结果： 我使用了从访问中自动创建查询，因为手动编写查询对我来说很难。

    SELECT ReportPosition.ReportPositionId, ReportPosition.ReportId, ReportPosition.PKNR, deceased.lastname, deceased.firstname, PensionerType.Bez, Pensioner.PKNR, Pensioner.lastname, Pensioner.firstname
FROM (PensionerType INNER JOIN (ReportPosition INNER JOIN Pensioner AS deceased ON ReportPosition.PKNR = deceased.PKNR) ON PensionerType.TypeId = deceased.PensionerType) INNER JOIN Pensioner ON deceased.PKNR = Pensioner.pknrdeceased
WHERE ReportPosition.ReportId=1;

我需要像 selfjoin 这样的东西，因为我必须和养老金领取者一起加入养老金领取者，对吗？

目前我什至没有得到我需要的所有列。也不是我想要的每个数据集。

Answer 1

只要你不需要死者类型的Bez，你只需要添加ReportPosition和Pensioner表，这里你添加了两次Pensioner表：

然后，添加您想要返回的字段，您将Pensioner_1 视为“死者”。结果查询的 SQL 应该类似于：

SELECT ReportPosition.ReportPositionId, ReportPosition.ReportId, 
  Pensioner.PKNR, Pensioner.LastName, Pensioner.FirstName, Pensioner.deceasedType, Pensioner.PKNRdeceased, 
  Pensioner_1.LastName AS [Lastname deceased], Pensioner_1.FirstName AS [Firstname deceased]
FROM Pensioner AS Pensioner_1 INNER JOIN 
    (Pensioner INNER JOIN ReportPosition ON Pensioner.PKNR = ReportPosition.Pknr) 
  ON Pensioner_1.PKNR = Pensioner.PKNRdeceased;

当然，您可以将别名从 Pensioner_1 更改为 deceased。

添加：

如果要显示Bez 字段（而不是TypeId），则必须添加deceasedType 表：

然后您可以将deceasedType 字段与新添加的表中的Bez 字段进行交换。已编辑查询的 SQL 将类似于以下内容：

SELECT ReportPosition.ReportPositionId, ReportPosition.ReportId,
  Pensioner.PKNR, Pensioner.LastName, Pensioner.FirstName, deceasedType.Bez, Pensioner.PKNRdeceased,
  Pensioner_1.LastName AS [Lastname deceased], Pensioner_1.FirstName AS [Firstname deceased]
FROM deceasedType INNER JOIN
  ((Pensioner AS Pensioner_1 INNER JOIN Pensioner
    ON Pensioner_1.PKNR = Pensioner.PKNRdeceased) INNER JOIN
    ReportPosition ON Pensioner.PKNR = ReportPosition.Pknr)
  ON deceasedType.TypeId = Pensioner.deceasedType;

Answer 2

我没有找到您的确切错误，但 Access 中的查询生成器创建了一个非常混乱的连接表示法，我很难阅读。

据我所知，以下应该可以工作：

SELECT ReportPosition.ReportPositionId, ReportPosition.ReportId, ReportPosition.PKNR, deceased.lastname, deceased.firstname, PensionerType.Bez, Pensioner.PKNR, Pensioner.lastname, Pensioner.firstname
FROM (((Pensioner
        INNER JOIN Pensioner AS deceased ON deceased.PKNR = Pensioner.pknrdeceased)
    INNER JOIN PensionerType ON PensionerType.TypeId = deceased.PensionerType)
INNER JOIN ReportPosition ON ReportPosition.PKNR = deceased.PKNR)
WHERE ReportPosition.ReportId=1;