用 Python 在 MS Access 数据库中插入或更新行

Question

我有一个 MS Access 表 (SearchAdsAccountLevel)，需要经常从 python 脚本更新。我已经建立了 pyodbc 连接，现在我想根据 Date_ 和 CampaignId 字段是否与 df 数据匹配，将我的 pandas df 中的行更新/插入到 MS Access 表中。

查看前面的示例，我构建了 UPDATE 语句，该语句使用 iterrows 遍历 df 中的所有行并按以下方式执行 SQL 代码：

    connection_string = (
            r"Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb, *.accdb)};"
            r"c:\AccessDatabases\Database2.accdb;"
    )
    cnxn = pyodbc.connect(connection_string, autocommit=True)
    crsr = cnxn.cursor()

    for index, row in df.iterrows():
            crsr.execute("UPDATE SearchAdsAccountLevel SET [OrgId]=?, [CampaignName]=?, [CampaignStatus]=?, [Storefront]=?, [AppName]=?, [AppId]=?, [TotalBudgetAmount]=?, [TotalBudgetCurrency]=?, [DailyBudgetAmount]=?, [DailyBudgetCurrency]=?, [Impressions]=?, [Taps]=?, [Conversions]=?, [ConversionsNewDownloads]=?, [ConversionsRedownloads]=?, [Ttr]=?, [LocalSpendAmount]=?, [LocalSpendCurrency]=?, [ConversionRate]=?, [Week_]=?, [Month_]=?, [Year_]=?, [Quarter]=?, [FinancialYear]=?, [RowUpdatedTime]=? WHERE [Date_]=? AND [CampaignId]=?",
                        row['OrgId'],
                        row['CampaignName'],
                        row['CampaignStatus'],
                        row['Storefront'],
                        row['AppName'],
                        row['AppId'],
                        row['TotalBudgetAmount'],
                        row['TotalBudgetCurrency'],
                        row['DailyBudgetAmount'],
                        row['DailyBudgetCurrency'],
                        row['Impressions'],
                        row['Taps'],
                        row['Conversions'],
                        row['ConversionsNewDownloads'],
                        row['ConversionsRedownloads'],
                        row['Ttr'],
                        row['LocalSpendAmount'],
                        row['LocalSpendCurrency'],
                        row['ConversionRate'],
                        row['Week_'],
                        row['Month_'],
                        row['Year_'],
                        row['Quarter'],
                        row['FinancialYear'],
                        row['RowUpdatedTime'],
                        row['Date_'],
                        row['CampaignId'])
crsr.commit()

我想遍历我的 df 中的每一行（大约 3000），如果 ['Date_'] AND ['CampaignId'] 匹配我更新所有其他字段。否则我想在我的访问表中插入整个 df 行（创建新行）。实现这一目标最有效和最有效的方法是什么？

Answer 1

考虑DataFrame.values 并将列表传递给executemany 调用，确保为UPDATE 查询相应地对列进行排序：

cols = ['OrgId', 'CampaignName', 'CampaignStatus', 'Storefront',
        'AppName', 'AppId', 'TotalBudgetAmount', 'TotalBudgetCurrency',
        'DailyBudgetAmount', 'DailyBudgetCurrency', 'Impressions',
        'Taps', 'Conversions', 'ConversionsNewDownloads', 'ConversionsRedownloads',
        'Ttr', 'LocalSpendAmount', 'LocalSpendCurrency', 'ConversionRate',
        'Week_', 'Month_', 'Year_', 'Quarter', 'FinancialYear',
        'RowUpdatedTime', 'Date_', 'CampaignId']

sql = '''UPDATE SearchAdsAccountLevel 
            SET [OrgId]=?, [CampaignName]=?, [CampaignStatus]=?, [Storefront]=?, 
                [AppName]=?, [AppId]=?, [TotalBudgetAmount]=?, 
                [TotalBudgetCurrency]=?, [DailyBudgetAmount]=?, 
                [DailyBudgetCurrency]=?, [Impressions]=?, [Taps]=?, [Conversions]=?, 
                [ConversionsNewDownloads]=?, [ConversionsRedownloads]=?, [Ttr]=?, 
                [LocalSpendAmount]=?, [LocalSpendCurrency]=?, [ConversionRate]=?,
                [Week_]=?, [Month_]=?, [Year_]=?, [Quarter]=?, [FinancialYear]=?, 
                [RowUpdatedTime]=? 
          WHERE [Date_]=? AND [CampaignId]=?'''

crsr.executemany(sql, df[cols].values.tolist())   
cnxn.commit()

对于插入，使用具有精确结构的临时临时表作为最终表，您可以使用生成表查询创建该表：SELECT TOP 1 * INTO temp FROM final。该临时表将定期清理并插入所有数据框行。最终查询仅使用NOT EXISTS, NOT IN, or LEFT JOIN/NULL 将新行从 temp 迁移到 final。您可以随时运行此查询，而不必担心每个 Date_ 和 CampaignId 列的重复。

# CLEAN OUT TEMP
sql = '''DELETE FROM SearchAdsAccountLevel_Temp'''
crsr.executemany(sql)   
cnxn.commit()

# APPEND TO TEMP
sql = '''INSERT INTO SearchAdsAccountLevel_Temp (OrgId, CampaignName, CampaignStatus, Storefront,
                                AppName, AppId, TotalBudgetAmount, TotalBudgetCurrency,
                                DailyBudgetAmount, DailyBudgetCurrency, Impressions,
                                Taps, Conversions, ConversionsNewDownloads, ConversionsRedownloads,
                                Ttr, LocalSpendAmount, LocalSpendCurrency, ConversionRate,
                                Week_, Month_, Year_, Quarter, FinancialYear,
                                RowUpdatedTime, Date_, CampaignId)    
         VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 
                 ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 
                 ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?);'''

crsr.executemany(sql, df[cols].values.tolist())   
cnxn.commit()

# MIGRATE TO FINAL
sql = '''INSERT INTO SearchAdsAccountLevel 
         SELECT t.* 
         FROM SearchAdsAccountLevel_Temp t
         LEFT JOIN SearchAdsAccountLevel f
            ON t.Date_ = f.Date_ AND t.CampaignId = f.CampaignId
         WHERE f.OrgId IS NULL'''
crsr.executemany(sql)   
cnxn.commit()