Excel.Application Object .Quit 使 EXCEL.EXE 运行

Question

我在 Windows 10 上使用 MS Access 2013。

我正在尝试打开磁盘上的 Excel 文件，更改列格式和一些列，保存并退出。
Sub 运行，但在.Quit 命令之后，“EXCEL.EXE”继续运行，随后对该 Sub 的调用将导致运行时错误。
如果我关闭 Access，“EXCEL.EXE”会在任务管理器中消失，但如果我执行“压缩和修复”数据库则不会。

我有另一个 Sub，它在磁盘上打开一个 Excel 文件并将所有列的宽度更改为“自动宽度”，然后关闭，这不会让“EXCEL.EXE”继续运行。

我在 Dims 和 Sets to Nothing、Workbook Closes 等上尝试了不同的线路顺序。
我在这里和其他网站上搜索过。 VBA 的唯一建议是使用类似ThisWorkbook.Saved = True 的东西。我在.Quit 之前和之后都试过了，但没有效果。
除此之外，我只找到 VB.NET 或其他环境的解决方案。

Sub changeXLcolumnFormatting()

Dim XL As Object
Set XL = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
XL.Visible = False
XL.DisplayAlerts = False
XL.Workbooks.Open "C:\Users\640344\Desktop\rawDataTest.XLSX"
Dim sht As Worksheet

With XL
    Set sht = ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets(1)

    Dim rng As Range
    Dim i As Integer, j As Integer

    field_names = Split("datasistema|Data de Registo|Data Registo CMVM", "|")
    sht.Select
    end_of_table = sht.UsedRange.Columns.Count

    For j = 0 To UBound(field_names)
        For i = 1 To end_of_table
            Set rng = sht.Cells(1, i)
            If InStr(rng.Text, field_names(j)) > 0 Then
                sht.Columns(i).NumberFormat = "yyyy-mm-dd  HH:MM:ss"
            End If
        Next i
    Next j
End With

Set rng = Nothing
Set sht = Nothing
XL.ActiveWorkbook.Close (True)

XL.Quit
Set XL = Nothing

End Sub

Answer 1

声明并使用特定的 Workbook 对象 - 就像您对 Worksheet 和 Range 所做的那样，如下所示：

    Dim xls     As Excel.Application
    Dim wkb     As Excel.Workbook
    Dim wks     As Excel.Worksheet
    Dim rng     As Range
    
    Set xls = New Excel.Application
    Set wkb = xls.Workbooks.Open("c:\test\workbook1.xlsx")
    Set wks = wkb.Worksheets(1)
    Set rng = wks.Range(<something>)
    
    ' Do stuff.
    wks.Name = "My New Name"
    With rng
         ' Do more.
    End With

    wkb.Close True
    
    Set rng = Nothing
    Set wks = Nothing
    Set wkb = Nothing
    
    xls.Quit
    
    Set xls = Nothing

另外，不要使用 Select，它仅用于可见用途。改为定义范围。

---

Cinetyk 的编辑：

使用@Gustav 的指示，执行我想要的并解决问题的代码是：

Sub changeXLcolumnFormatting()

Dim XL As Excel.Application
Dim sht As Excel.Worksheet
Dim wkb As Excel.Workbook
Dim rng As Range

Set XL = New Excel.Application
XL.Visible = False
XL.DisplayAlerts = False

Set wkb = XL.Workbooks.Open("C:\Users\640344\Desktop\rawDataTest.XLSX")
Set sht = wkb.Worksheets(1)

Dim i As Integer, j As Integer

field_names = Split("datasistema|Data de Registo|Data Registo CMVM", "|")
end_of_table = sht.UsedRange.Columns.Count

For j = 0 To UBound(field_names)
    For i = 1 To end_of_table
        Set rng = sht.Cells(1, i)
        If InStr(rng.Text, field_names(j)) > 0 Then
            sht.Columns(i).NumberFormat = "yyyy-mm-dd  HH:MM:ss"
        End If
    Next i
Next j

wkb.Close (True)
Set rng = Nothing
Set sht = Nothing

XL.Quit
Set XL = Nothing

End Sub

Answer 2

这是一个解决这个问题的好方法——使用with new Excel.Application：

Option Compare Database
Option Explicit

Public Sub TestMe()

    Dim wkb     As Object
    Dim wks     As Object

    With New Excel.Application

        Set wkb = .Workbooks.Open("C:\Users\vityata\Desktop\myTest.xlsx")
        Set wks = wkb.Worksheets(1)

        wkb.Close True

        Set wks = Nothing
        Set wkb = Nothing
        .Quit

    End With

End Sub

在 C# 中这是 Using 的标准，在 VBA 中很少有人使用它 - 我从未见过它的生产代码。

---

Cinetyk 的编辑：

使用 Vityata 的指示，按我的预期工作的代码是：

Option Compare Database
Option Explicit

Public Sub changeXLcolumnFormattingV2()

Dim sht As Object
Dim wkb As Object

With New Excel.Application
    .Visible = False
    .DisplayAlerts = False

    Set wkb = .Workbooks.Open("C:\Users\640344\Desktop\rawDataTESTING.XLSX")
    Set wks = wkb.Worksheets(1)

    field_names = Split("datasistema|Data de Registo|Data Registo CMVM", "|")
    end_of_table = wks.UsedRange.Columns.Count

    For j = 0 To UBound(field_names)
        For i = 1 To end_of_table
            Set rng = wks.Cells(1, i)
            If InStr(rng.Text, field_names(j)) > 0 Then
                wks.Columns(i).NumberFormat = "yyyy-mm-dd  HH:MM:ss"
            End If
        Next i
    Next j

    wkb.Close True

    Set wks = Nothing
    Set wkb = Nothing
    .Quit

End With

End Sub

Answer 3

您的 sht 变量赋值缺少成员访问器运算符“。”在 ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets(1) 前面。需要这样写：Set sht = .ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets(1)。