MySQL 8 - 计算年度指标

Question

我一直在尝试计算每月回报的同比增长，并且一直在重写相同的查询数小时，但没有运气。我见过解决方案，但它们都是其他数据库解决方案。

我正在尝试基本上实现以下目标：

这是我构建的查询，尽管由于子查询每行运行，我从未真正完成过运行（运行了 15 分钟以上）。

这个表有 2m+ 行，索引很好，速度很快，但子查询会杀死它。

可能是完全错误的方法，但这就是我所拥有的。

SELECT
    YEAR(thisyear.trandte) AS `Year`,
    MONTH(thisyear.trandte) AS `YearMonth`,
    SUM(lastyear.totamount) AS LastYearSales,
    SUM(thisyear.totamount) AS ThisYearSales
FROM
    sync_invoice_lines thisyear
LEFT JOIN
    sync_invoice_lines lastyear ON
        MONTH(thisyear.trandte) = (MONTH(lastyear.trandte)) AND
        YEAR(thisyear.trandte) = (YEAR(lastyear.trandte) - 1)
WHERE
    thisyear.type = 'IN' AND
    lastyear.type = 'IN' AND
    thisyear.sync_active = 1 AND
    lastyear.sync_active = 1 AND
GROUP BY `Year`, `YearMonth`

Answer 1

如果表中所有月份的数据没有任何间隔，那么你只需要窗口函数LAG() 来获取去年同月totamount 的总和：

SELECT YEAR(trandte) AS Year, 
       MONTH(trandte) AS Month, 
       SUM(totamount) AS ThisYearSales,
       LAG(SUM(totamount), 12) OVER (ORDER BY YEAR(trandte), MONTH(trandte)) AS LastYearSales
FROM sync_invoice_lines 
WHERE type = 'IN' AND sync_active = 1
GROUP BY Year, Month

如果月份之间有间隔，则从上述查询中创建一个CTE 并对其执行LEFT self join：

WITH cte AS (
  SELECT YEAR(trandte) AS Year, 
         MONTH(trandte) AS Month, 
         SUM(totamount) AS Sales
  FROM sync_invoice_lines 
  WHERE type = 'IN' AND sync_active = 1
  GROUP BY Year, Month
)
SELECT c1.Year, 
       c1.Month,
       c1.Sales AS ThisYearSales,
       c2.Sales AS LastYearSales 
FROM cte c1 LEFT JOIN cte c2
ON c2.Year = c1.Year - 1 AND c2.Month = c1.Month

Answer 2

您可以在单个表扫描中执行此操作（无需连接或 CTE），并考虑可能缺少的月份。为此，请使用 lag() 和 range 子句，该子句正好针对去年的同一个月，如下所示：

select
    year(trandte) as `year`,
    month(trandte) as `yearmonth`,
    lag(sum(totamount)) over(
        order by concat(year(trandte), '-', month(trandte), '-01') 
        range between interval 1 year preceding and interval 1 year preceding
    ) as lastyearsales,
    sum(totamount) as thisyearsales
from sync_invoice_lines
where type = 'IN' and sync_active = 1
group by year(trandte), month(trandte)
order by year(trandte), month(trandte)

Answer 3

您可以使用 CASE 表达式分别计算去年销售额和今年销售额的总额。 这很简单。

查询如下：

SELECT
    YEAR(CURRENT_DATE) AS `Year`,
    MONTH(trandte) AS `YearMonth`,
    SUM(CASE YEAR(trandte) WHEN YEAR(CURRENT_DATE)-1 THEN totamount END) AS LastYearSales,
    SUM(CASE YEAR(trandte) WHEN YEAR(CURRENT_DATE) THEN totamount END) AS ThisYearSales
FROM
    sync_invoice_lines
WHERE type = 'IN' AND sync_active = 1
GROUP BY `YearMonth`
ORDER BY `YearMonth`;

DB Fiddle

您可以在 YEAR(CURRENT_DATE) 部分中指定任何年份。

Answer 4

您可以使用数据透视表逐年显示每个月的销售额。

with monthly_sales as  
(SELECT
    YEAR(trandte) AS year,
    MONTH(trandte) AS month,
    SUM(totamount) AS sales
FROM
    sync_invoice_lines 
WHERE
    type = 'IN' AND
    sync_active = 1
GROUP BY YEAR(trandte), MONTH(trandte)) 

Select * from 
(select month, year from monthly_sales)
pivot
(sum(sales) 
for month in (2013, 2014, 2015)
)
order by month

Answer 5

第 1 步：计算所有每月小计，没有逐年对比还：

SELECT  LEFT(trandte, 7) AS yyyy_mm,
        SUM(totamount) AS sales
    FROM sync_invoice_lines
    WHERE ...
    GROUP BY 1;

首先，看看这是否得到了正确的数字，尽管不是按照所需的顺序。看看它跑得有多快。

这可能就是你所需要的。

第 2 步：这将使用大约 30 行，因此效率不是问题。将上述内容放在另一个表中，或者，因为您有 MySQL 8.0（或 MariaDB 10.2），所以在 WITH 中使用它来完成其余的工作。第 2 步可能是使用自联接计算年复一年。

第三步：输出的顺序——还是图形包重新排列数据得到12组多年？

从长远来看，考虑建立和维护一个“汇总表”，也许是每日小计。这就像第 1 步，但有数千行，而不是数百万或数十行。有了它，您可以非常快速地计算每月的金额。或每周。或其他范围。这样，庞大的任务（第 1 步）以每日块的形式构建，速度将提高一千倍。

关于小计的更多信息：http://mysql.rjweb.org/doc.php/summarytables