SQL Server OVER() 子句未按预期运行答案

【问题标题】：SQL Server OVER() clause not behaving as expectedSQL Server OVER() 子句未按预期运行
【发布时间】：2018-09-18 16:16:10
【问题描述】：

我正在使用OVER() 子句根据帐号和付款日期获取总付款。然后，我从当前余额中减去该运行总计，以确定每次交易完成后的余额

SELECT
    no_,
    amount,
    SUM(amount) OVER(PARTITION BY no_ ORDER BY effectiveDate DESC) AS RunningTotal,
    balance - (SUM(amount) OVER(PARTITION BY no_ ORDER BY effectiveDate DESC)) + amount AS CalculatedBalance,
    balance
FROM 
    c
WHERE 
    status != 'closed'
ORDER BY 
    no_

它适用于正数，但当金额字段为负数时，我会得到如下奇怪的输出：

所有负数都会发生这种情况，我检查了所有正数，它们都是正确的。我在网上查了一下，找不到 OVER() 不接受负数的原因

【问题讨论】：

标签： sql sql-server-2012 window-functions

【解决方案1】：

你为什么要反过来计算？我希望逻辑更像这样：

SELECT no_, amount,
       SUM(amount) OVER (PARTITION BY no_ ORDER BY effectiveDate ASC) AS RunningTotal,
       (balance + amount +
        SUM(amount) OVER (PARTITION BY no_ ORDER BY effectiveDate ASC)
       ) AS CalculatedBalance,
       balance
FROM c
WHERE status <> 'closed'
ORDER BY no_;

此外，由于balance 为负数，您希望添加金额而不是减去它们。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

我认为您应该了解 ROWS BETWEEN PRECEDING 子句。

在窗框子句中，您指明窗框单位（ROWS 或 RANGE）和窗框范围（分隔符）。随着行窗框单元，您可以将分隔符指定为三个之一选项：

■■ UNBOUNDED PRECEDING 或 FOLLOWING，表示开头或结尾分区，分别

■■ CURRENT ROW，明显代表当前行

■■ ROWS PRECEDING 或 FOLLOWING，表示前或后 n 行当前，分别

语法示例：

对数据集中找到的日期进行分组的临时查询 (1..7..infinity)

, DENSE_RANK() 
    OVER(PARTITION BY tbl.Account ORDER BY tbl.Date DESC)
    AS [calcDayRankdenseGroup]

最终结果：

select 
    cte.* 
    , SUM(cte.Amount) 
        OVER(PARTITION BY cte.Account ORDER BY cte.calcDayRankdenseGroup ASC
            ROWS BETWEEN 7 PRECEDING and CURRENT ROW)
        AS [Amount_RunningTotalDaysLast7]
from cteDateRankAdded cte
order by Account, DATE DESC

从我的测试数据返回的数据（如下所示）：

+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| Account | Amount | DATE       | calcDayRankGroup_DoNotUse | calcDayRankdenseGroup | calcDayCountInGroup | Amount_RunningTotalDaysLast7 |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 30.00  | 2018-09-16 | 1                         | 1                     | 1                   | 30.00                        |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 69.00  | 2018-09-16 | 1                         | 1                     | 2                   | 99.00                        |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 6.00   | 2018-09-13 | 3                         | 2                     | 1                   | 105.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 57.00  | 2018-09-12 | 4                         | 3                     | 1                   | 162.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 13.00  | 2018-09-12 | 4                         | 3                     | 2                   | 175.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 98.00  | 2018-09-12 | 4                         | 3                     | 3                   | 273.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 47.00  | 2018-09-03 | 7                         | 4                     | 1                   | 320.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 90.00  | 2018-09-02 | 8                         | 5                     | 1                   | 410.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 90.00  | 2018-09-02 | 8                         | 5                     | 2                   | 470.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 32.00  | 2018-08-29 | 10                        | 6                     | 1                   | 433.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 50.00  | 2018-08-24 | 11                        | 7                     | 1                   | 477.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 48.00  | 2018-08-24 | 11                        | 7                     | 2                   | 468.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 100.00 | 2018-08-23 | 13                        | 8                     | 1                   | 555.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 63.00  | 2018-08-20 | 14                        | 9                     | 1                   | 520.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 1       | 49.00  | 2018-08-19 | 15                        | 10                    | 1                   | 522.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 38.00  | 2018-09-16 | 1                         | 1                     | 1                   | 38.00                        |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 3.00   | 2018-09-16 | 1                         | 1                     | 2                   | 41.00                        |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 83.00  | 2018-09-13 | 3                         | 2                     | 1                   | 124.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 28.00  | 2018-09-12 | 4                         | 3                     | 1                   | 152.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 78.00  | 2018-09-12 | 4                         | 3                     | 2                   | 230.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 32.00  | 2018-09-12 | 4                         | 3                     | 3                   | 262.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 29.00  | 2018-09-03 | 7                         | 4                     | 1                   | 291.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 64.00  | 2018-09-02 | 8                         | 5                     | 1                   | 355.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 81.00  | 2018-09-02 | 8                         | 5                     | 2                   | 398.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 60.00  | 2018-08-29 | 10                        | 6                     | 1                   | 455.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 82.00  | 2018-08-24 | 11                        | 7                     | 1                   | 454.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 66.00  | 2018-08-24 | 11                        | 7                     | 2                   | 492.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 9.00   | 2018-08-23 | 13                        | 8                     | 1                   | 423.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 45.00  | 2018-08-20 | 14                        | 9                     | 1                   | 436.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+
| 2       | 43.00  | 2018-08-19 | 15                        | 10                    | 1                   | 450.00                       |
+---------+--------+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+

这是我为代表您的场景而创建的示例数据，今天是 2018 年 9 月 18 日。

+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| Seq | Account | DATE       | Amount | dataDaysAgoDelta | dataDaysAgoGroup |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 1   | 1       | 2018-08-19 | 49.00  | 30               | 10               |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 2   | 1       | 2018-08-20 | 63.00  | 29               | 9                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 3   | 1       | 2018-08-23 | 100.00 | 26               | 8                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 4   | 1       | 2018-08-24 | 50.00  | 25               | 7                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 5   | 1       | 2018-08-24 | 48.00  | 25               | 7                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 6   | 1       | 2018-08-29 | 32.00  | 20               | 6                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 7   | 1       | 2018-09-02 | 90.00  | 16               | 5                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 8   | 1       | 2018-09-02 | 90.00  | 16               | 5                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 9   | 1       | 2018-09-03 | 47.00  | 15               | 4                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 10  | 1       | 2018-09-12 | 57.00  | 6                | 3                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 11  | 1       | 2018-09-12 | 13.00  | 6                | 3                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 12  | 1       | 2018-09-12 | 98.00  | 6                | 3                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 13  | 1       | 2018-09-13 | 6.00   | 5                | 2                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 14  | 1       | 2018-09-16 | 30.00  | 2                | 1                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 15  | 1       | 2018-09-16 | 69.00  | 2                | 1                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 16  | 2       | 2018-08-19 | 43.00  | 30               | 10               |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 17  | 2       | 2018-08-20 | 45.00  | 29               | 9                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 18  | 2       | 2018-08-23 | 9.00   | 26               | 8                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 19  | 2       | 2018-08-24 | 82.00  | 25               | 7                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 20  | 2       | 2018-08-24 | 66.00  | 25               | 7                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 21  | 2       | 2018-08-29 | 60.00  | 20               | 6                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 22  | 2       | 2018-09-02 | 64.00  | 16               | 5                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 23  | 2       | 2018-09-02 | 81.00  | 16               | 5                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 24  | 2       | 2018-09-03 | 29.00  | 15               | 4                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 25  | 2       | 2018-09-12 | 28.00  | 6                | 3                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 26  | 2       | 2018-09-12 | 78.00  | 6                | 3                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 27  | 2       | 2018-09-12 | 32.00  | 6                | 3                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 28  | 2       | 2018-09-13 | 83.00  | 5                | 2                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 29  | 2       | 2018-09-16 | 38.00  | 2                | 1                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+
| 30  | 2       | 2018-09-16 | 3.00   | 2                | 1                |
+-----+---------+------------+--------+------------------+------------------+

完成查询：

DECLARE @tblDaysLast7Found as table
    (Seq int, Account int, DATE date, Amount numeric(10,2), dataDaysAgoDelta int, dataDaysAgoGroup int)

INSERT INTO @tblDaysLast7Found 
    (Seq, Account, DATE, Amount, dataDaysAgoDelta, dataDaysAgoGroup)
VALUES
    (1, 1, '8/19/2018', 49, 30, 10)
    ,(2, 1,  '8/20/2018', 63, 29, 9)
    ,(3, 1,  '8/23/2018', 100, 26, 8)
    ,(4, 1,  '8/24/2018', 50, 25, 7)
    ,(5, 1,  '8/24/2018', 48, 25, 7)
    ,(6, 1,  '8/29/2018', 32, 20, 6)
    ,(7, 1,  '9/2/2018', 90, 16, 5)
    ,(8, 1,  '9/2/2018', 90, 16, 5)
    ,(9, 1,  '9/3/2018', 47, 15, 4)
    ,(10, 1, '9/12/2018', 57, 6, 3)
    ,(11, 1, '9/12/2018', 13, 6, 3)
    ,(12, 1, '9/12/2018', 98, 6, 3)
    ,(13, 1, '9/13/2018', 6, 5, 2)
    ,(14, 1, '9/16/2018', 30, 2, 1)
    ,(15, 1, '9/16/2018', 69, 2, 1)
    ,(16, 2, '8/19/2018', 43, 30, 10)
    ,(17, 2, '8/20/2018', 45, 29, 9)
    ,(18, 2, '8/23/2018', 9, 26, 8)
    ,(19, 2, '8/24/2018', 82, 25, 7)
    ,(20, 2, '8/24/2018', 66, 25, 7)
    ,(21, 2, '8/29/2018', 60, 20, 6)
    ,(22, 2, '9/2/2018', 64, 16, 5)
    ,(23, 2, '9/2/2018', 81, 16, 5)
    ,(24, 2, '9/3/2018', 29, 15, 4)
    ,(25, 2, '9/12/2018', 28, 6, 3)
    ,(26, 2, '9/12/2018', 78, 6, 3)
    ,(27, 2, '9/12/2018', 32, 6, 3)
    ,(28, 2, '9/13/2018', 83, 5, 2)
    ,(29, 2, '9/16/2018', 38, 2, 1)
    ,(30, 2, '9/16/2018', 3, 2, 1)

--select * from @tblDaysLast7Found

;WITH cteDateRankAdded AS
(
select -- * 
    tbl.Account
    , tbl.Amount
    , tbl.DATE
    , RANK() 
        OVER(PARTITION BY tbl.Account ORDER BY tbl.Date DESC)
        AS [calcDayRankGroup_DoNotUse]
    , DENSE_RANK() 
        OVER(PARTITION BY tbl.Account ORDER BY tbl.Date DESC)
        AS [calcDayRankdenseGroup]
    , ROW_NUMBER() 
        OVER(PARTITION BY tbl.Account, tbl.Date ORDER BY tbl.Date DESC)
        AS [calcDayCountInGroup]
from 
    @tblDaysLast7Found tbl
)

select 
    cte.* 
    , SUM(cte.Amount) 
        OVER(PARTITION BY cte.Account ORDER BY cte.calcDayRankdenseGroup ASC
            ROWS BETWEEN 7 PRECEDING and CURRENT ROW)
        AS [Amount_RunningTotalDaysLast7]
from cteDateRankAdded cte
order by Account, DATE DESC

【讨论】：