sql 将列数据转换为行

Question

我正在使用 SQL 工作台中的一个表。

我有一张人口数据表，如下所示（为方便起见，人口数据被简化了）：

State   2010   2011  2012  2013  2014  2015
Alaska    5     8     10    13    15    19

我想将此表转换为如下所示的表：

State    Year   Estimate
Alaska    2010     5
Alaska    2011     8
Alaska    2012     10
Alaska    2013     13
Alaska    2014     15
Alaska    2015     19

我需要什么语句来完成这个？

谢谢， 加勒特

Answer 1

Union all 是一种通用方法：

select state, '2010' as year, "2010" as Estimate from t
union all
select state, '2011' as year, "2011" as Estimate from t
union all
select state, '2012' as year, "2012" as Estimate from t
union all
select state, '2013' as year, "2013" as Estimate from t
union all
select state, '2014' as year, "2014" as Estimate from t
union all
select state, '2015' as year, "2015" as Estimate from t;

还有其他更有效的方法（尤其是对于较大的表）。我更喜欢使用横向连接（使用lateral 或apply 关键字）。 SQL 还提供了一种非常具体的反透视语法。