如何实现 ASP.NET 身份：数据库“主”中的 CREATE DATABASE 权限被拒绝

Question

首先，我已经在这里检查过： ASP.Net Identity how to set target DB?

我现在收到此错误

数据库“master”中的 CREATE DATABASE 权限被拒绝。

在这行代码上：

Dim user As User = manager.Find(Trim(Username.Text), Trim(Password.Text))

完全错误：

[SqlException (0x80131904): 数据库“主”中的 CREATE DATABASE 权限被拒绝。]
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.OnError（SqlException 异常，布尔型 breakConnection，Action1 wrapCloseInAction) +3249852
System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning(TdsParserStateObject stateObj, Boolean callerHasConnectionLock, Boolean asyncClose) +345
System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.TryRun(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler, TdsParserStateObject stateObj, Boolean& dataReady) +4927
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteNonQueryTds(String methodName, Boolean async, Int32 timeout, Boolean asyncWrite) +1287
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.InternalExecuteNonQuery(TaskCompletionSource1 完成，字符串方法名，布尔型 sendToPipe，Int32 超时，布尔型 asyncWrite）+367
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery() +386
System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.Interception.InternalDispatcher1.Dispatch(TTarget target, Func3 操作，TInterceptionContext 拦截上下文，Action3 executing, Action3 执行）+965
System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.Interception.DbCommandDispatcher.NonQuery(DbCommand command, DbCommandInterceptionContext interceptionContext) +505
System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.c__DisplayClass1a.b__19(DbConnection conn) +136
System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices.UsingConnection(DbConnection sqlConnection, Action1 act) +347
System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices.UsingMasterConnection(DbConnection sqlConnection, Action1 act) +916
System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices.CreateDatabaseFromScript(Nullable1 commandTimeout, DbConnection sqlConnection, String createDatabaseScript) +117
System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices.DbCreateDatabase(DbConnection connection, Nullable1 commandTimeout, StoreItemCollection storeItemCollection) +212
System.Data.Entity.Migrations.Utilities.DatabaseCreator.Create(DbConnection 连接) +172
System.Data.Entity.Migrations.DbMigrator.EnsureDatabaseExists（操作 mustSucceedToKeepDatabase）+175
System.Data.Entity.Migrations.DbMigrator.Update(String targetMigration) +116
System.Data.Entity.Internal.DatabaseCreator.CreateDatabase(InternalContext internalContext, Func3 createMigrator, ObjectContext objectContext) +121
System.Data.Entity.Database.Create(DatabaseExistenceState existenceState) +169
System.Data.Entity.CreateDatabaseIfNotExists1.InitializeDatabase(TContext context) +257
System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.PerformInitializationAction(Action action) +72
System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.PerformDatabaseInitialization() +483
System.Data.Entity.Internal.RetryAction1.PerformAction(TInput input) +177
System.Data.Entity.Internal.LazyInternalContext.InitializeDatabaseAction(Action1 操作）+274
System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.GetEntitySetAndBaseTypeForType(Type entityType) +37
System.Data.Entity.Internal.Linq.InternalSet1.Initialize() +76
System.Data.Entity.Internal.Linq.InternalSet1.get_InternalContext() +21
System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DbQuery1.System.Linq.IQueryable.get_Provider() +59
System.Data.Entity.QueryableExtensions.FirstOrDefaultAsync(IQueryable1 源，Expression1 predicate, CancellationToken cancellationToken) +208
System.Data.Entity.QueryableExtensions.FirstOrDefaultAsync(IQueryable1 源，Expression`1 谓词）+172

Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.d__6c.MoveNext() +502
System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess（任务任务）+13855856
System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification（任务任务）+61
Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.CultureAwaiter1.GetResult() +48
Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.<FindAsync>d__12.MoveNext() +357
System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) +13855856
System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) +61
Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.AsyncHelper.RunSync(Func1 func) +348
C:\MyApp\Login_identity.aspx.vb:168 中的 MyApp.Login_identity.UserLogin_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e)
System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button.OnClick(EventArgs e) +11747645
System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button.RaisePostBackEvent(String eventArgument) +150
System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) +3360

我将AppModel.vb 中的DbContext 初始化更改为我现有的连接字符串conn1，它指向我已经转换为新标识表的SQL Server 数据库。

我的连接字符串：

<add name="conn1" 
     connectionString="data source=(local)\sqlexpress;Initial Catalog=myapp;User Id=sa;Password=XXXX;" 
     providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />

AppModel.vb:

Imports Microsoft.AspNet.Identity
Imports Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations
Imports System.Data.Entity
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Web

Namespace AspnetIdentitySample.Models
    Public Class ApplicationUser
        Inherits IdentityUser
        ' HomeTown will be stored in the same table as Users
        Public Property HomeTown() As String
            Get
                Return m_HomeTown
            End Get
            Set(value As String)
                m_HomeTown = Value
            End Set
        End Property
        Private m_HomeTown As String
        Public Overridable Property ToDoes() As ICollection(Of ToDo)
            Get
                Return m_ToDoes
            End Get
            Set(value As ICollection(Of ToDo))
                m_ToDoes = Value
            End Set
        End Property
        Private m_ToDoes As ICollection(Of ToDo) 

        ' FirstName & LastName will be stored in a different table called MyUserInfo
        Public Overridable Property MyUserInfo() As MyUserInfo
            Get
                Return m_MyUserInfo
            End Get
            Set(value As MyUserInfo)
                m_MyUserInfo = Value
            End Set
        End Property
        Private m_MyUserInfo As MyUserInfo 
    End Class

    Public Class MyUserInfo
        Public Property Id() As Integer
            Get
                Return m_Id
            End Get
            Set(value As Integer)
                m_Id = Value
            End Set
        End Property
        Private m_Id As Integer
        Public Property FirstName() As String
            Get
                Return m_FirstName
            End Get
            Set(value As String)
                m_FirstName = Value
            End Set
        End Property
        Private m_FirstName As String
        Public Property LastName() As String
            Get
                Return m_LastName
            End Get
            Set(value As String)
                m_LastName = Value
            End Set
        End Property
        Private m_LastName As String
    End Class

    Public Class ToDo
        Public Property Id() As Integer
            Get
                Return m_Id
            End Get
            Set(value As Integer)
                m_Id = Value
            End Set
        End Property
        Private m_Id As Integer
        Public Property Description() As String
            Get
                Return m_Description
            End Get
            Set(value As String)
                m_Description = Value
            End Set
        End Property
        Private m_Description As String
        Public Property IsDone() As Boolean
            Get
                Return m_IsDone
            End Get
            Set(value As Boolean)
                m_IsDone = Value
            End Set
        End Property
        Private m_IsDone As Boolean
        Public Overridable Property User() As ApplicationUser
            Get
                Return m_User
            End Get
            Set(value As ApplicationUser)
                m_User = Value
            End Set
        End Property
        Private m_User As ApplicationUser 
    End Class
    Public Class MyDbContext
        Inherits IdentityDbContext(Of ApplicationUser)
        Public Sub New()
            MyBase.New("conn1") 'DefaultConnection
        End Sub

        Protected Overrides Sub OnModelCreating(modelBuilder As DbModelBuilder)
            MyBase.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder)

            ' Change the name of the table to be Users instead of AspNetUsers
            modelBuilder.Entity(Of IdentityUser)().ToTable("Users")
            modelBuilder.Entity(Of ApplicationUser)().ToTable("Users")
        End Sub

        Public Property ToDoes() As DbSet(Of ToDo)
            Get
                Return m_ToDoes
            End Get
            Set(value As DbSet(Of ToDo))
                m_ToDoes = Value
            End Set
        End Property
        Private m_ToDoes As DbSet(Of ToDo)

        Public Property MyUserInfo() As DbSet(Of MyUserInfo)
            Get
                Return m_MyUserInfo
            End Get
            Set(value As DbSet(Of MyUserInfo))
                m_MyUserInfo = Value
            End Set
        End Property
        Private m_MyUserInfo As DbSet(Of MyUserInfo)
    End Class


End Namespace

更新

根据评论，我还检查了here。

我真的不明白为什么这是一个角色问题，因为我正在重用一个已经可以很好地更新其他（非身份相关）表的连接字符串。我也不明白为什么错误是指master 表，因为我希望我不会尝试通过manager.Find 方法以任何方式连接到该表。

无论如何，我当前正在测试的用户已经分配给sysadmin 角色：

更新 2

好的，感谢 Jeremy 在下面的评论，我离我更近了一步……我需要将用户 IIS APPPOOL\.NET v4.5 添加到角色 sysadmin，因为那是 SQL Server 分析器中显示的连接用户（尽管我是不确定将此用户添加到此角色时的安全风险）。 无论如何，Find 方法不再抛出错误，并且使用 SQL Server 分析器我看到执行此代码时触发了 SQL 语句Dim user As User = manager.FindByName(Trim(Username.Text))

exec sp_executesql N'SELECT TOP (1) 
[Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], 
[Extent1].[ApplicationId] AS [ApplicationId], 
[Extent1].[MobileAlias] AS [MobileAlias], 
[Extent1].[IsAnonymous] AS [IsAnonymous], 
[Extent1].[LastActivityDate] AS [LastActivityDate], 
[Extent1].[MobilePIN] AS [MobilePIN], 
[Extent1].[LoweredEmail] AS [LoweredEmail], 
[Extent1].[LoweredUserName] AS [LoweredUserName], 
[Extent1].[PasswordQuestion] AS [PasswordQuestion], 
[Extent1].[PasswordAnswer] AS [PasswordAnswer], 
[Extent1].[IsApproved] AS [IsApproved], 
[Extent1].[IsLockedOut] AS [IsLockedOut], 
[Extent1].[CreateDate] AS [CreateDate], 
[Extent1].[LastLoginDate] AS [LastLoginDate], 
[Extent1].[LastPasswordChangedDate] AS [LastPasswordChangedDate], 
[Extent1].[LastLockoutDate] AS [LastLockoutDate], 
[Extent1].[FailedPasswordAttemptCount] AS [FailedPasswordAttemptCount], 
[Extent1].[FailedPasswordAttemptWindowStart] AS [FailedPasswordAttemptWindowStart], 
[Extent1].[FailedPasswordAnswerAttemptCount] AS [FailedPasswordAnswerAttemptCount], 
[Extent1].[FailedPasswordAnswerAttemptWindowStart] AS [FailedPasswordAnswerAttemptWindowStart], 
[Extent1].[Comment] AS [Comment], 
[Extent1].[Email] AS [Email], 
[Extent1].[EmailConfirmed] AS [EmailConfirmed], 
[Extent1].[PasswordHash] AS [PasswordHash], 
[Extent1].[SecurityStamp] AS [SecurityStamp], 
[Extent1].[PhoneNumber] AS [PhoneNumber], 
[Extent1].[PhoneNumberConfirmed] AS [PhoneNumberConfirmed], 
[Extent1].[TwoFactorEnabled] AS [TwoFactorEnabled], 
[Extent1].[LockoutEndDateUtc] AS [LockoutEndDateUtc], 
[Extent1].[LockoutEnabled] AS [LockoutEnabled], 
[Extent1].[AccessFailedCount] AS [AccessFailedCount], 
[Extent1].[UserName] AS [UserName]
FROM [dbo].[AspNetUsers] AS [Extent1]
WHERE ((UPPER([Extent1].[UserName])) = (UPPER(@p__linq__0))) OR ((UPPER([Extent1].[UserName]) IS NULL) AND (UPPER(@p__linq__0) IS NULL))',N'@p__linq__0 nvarchar(4000)',@p__linq__0=N'flo@outlook.com'

奇怪的是：当我直接在 SQL Server Management Studio 中执行它时，我会返回一条记录，但在我的代码中，变量 user 是 Nothing....它会是什么？

Answer 1

如果您的应用程序池在 NETWORK SERVICE 身份下运行，请尝试此操作。然后为“NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE”赋予系统管理员角色：

或者将 SysAdmin 分配给运行应用程序池的帐户。

如果这不起作用，请检查以下解决方案是否有帮助：CREATE DATABASE permission denied in database 'master' (EF code-first)

编辑：

为所有这些帐户提供 sysAdmin 并不是很安全。完成这项工作后，将 SQL 安全性收紧到仅 dbReader 和 dbWriter 角色。

FindByName 方法出了什么问题？

现在没有异常，问题是我认为没有返回数据 权限仍有问题。

由于您在连接字符串中使用 SQL 身份验证，您可以尝试使用 Windows Integrated 吗？否则，请尝试在连接字符串中使用 appPool IIS 帐户凭据，看看这是否会产生出什么问题的线索？

Answer 2

您的连接字符串包含“User Id=sa;Password=XXXX”，因此该连接正在尝试使用 SQL Server 身份验证。您的 SSMS 登录属性的标题栏似乎正在识别 Windows 帐户，这意味着应该使用 Windows 身份验证。然而，连接正在尝试使用 SQL Server 身份验证（而不是 Windows 身份验证）。如果尚未配置，可以更改 SQL Server 的身份验证模式以支持 SQL 身份验证和 Windows 身份验证（“混合模式”身份验证），请参阅https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188670.aspx。

或者，可以根据https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj653752(v=vs.110).aspx#integratedsecurity 更改连接字符串以使用 Windows 身份验证/集成安全性

Answer 3

为什么要使用身份字段而不是在 NVARCHAR() 字段中使用 HASH 值？

例如：您可以从用户（或他的字段的连接）处获取单个数据，从 .NET 密码库计算 HASH 并将 NVARCHAR() 设置为数据。

通过这种方式（假设您使用 SHA-512 HASH），您将能够拥有单个数据的 Base64 字符串，例如身份本身。

但是，如果您的目标是momentum 的标识，您可以获取用户数据，加上当前日期时间，计算其 HASH 并将此数据保存为记录的标识。

Answer 4

您可能应该使用与“sa”不同的 SQL 帐户，但 sa 的默认数据库是 master。即使 myapp 在连接字符串中定义，Find 方法也可能使用用户的默认数据库。

在此处将 sa 的默认数据库更改为 myapp：

Answer 5

您的用户应该被添加到 dbcreator 角色中。

否则不允许创建新数据库。

Sysadmin/public 是不够的。