您可能想尝试 CVXPY (http://www.cvxpy.org/en/latest),奇怪的是,它是 CVXOPT(凸求解器)的非凸扩展。然后,您可以使用 CVXOPT 进行凸优化或使用 CVXPY 进行非凸优化,只要适合您的问题。
python 中有一堆非凸求解器,其中很多都列在这里:https://scicomp.stackexchange.com/questions/83/is-there-a-high-quality-nonlinear-programming-solver-for-python... 但您似乎实际上是在问一个连续求解器,它可能是局部的或全局的,并且可以处理昂贵的功能。
我个人建议mystic (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/mystic)。没错,我是作者,但它已经获得了大约十年的体面资助,它可以解决其他软件包无法解决的高度约束的非凸问题。它还可以从根本上处理具有非线性约束的凸优化。此外,mystic 专为大规模并行计算而构建,因此您可以轻松地在多个级别的优化中利用并行计算。如果你有足够的资源,mystic 可以做一个集成优化,你可以想象它可以做一个网格搜索(在那里你可以选择点的初始分布),而不是在网格上使用固定点,@ 987654331@ 使用并行启动的快速线性求解器。
这是mystic 附带的近 100 个示例之一:
'''
Maximize: f = 2*x[0]*x[1] + 2*x[0] - x[0]**2 - 2*x[1]**2
Subject to: x[0]**3 - x[1] == 0
x[1] >= 1
'''
提供了两种解决方案(一种用于线性求解器,一种用于全局求解器):
def objective(x):
return 2*x[0]*x[1] + 2*x[0] - x[0]**2 - 2*x[1]**2
equations = """
x0**3 - x1 == 0.0
"""
bounds = [(None, None),(1.0, None)]
# with penalty='penalty' applied, solution is:
xs = [1,1]; ys = -1.0
from mystic.symbolic import generate_conditions, generate_penalty
pf = generate_penalty(generate_conditions(equations), k=1e4)
from mystic.symbolic import generate_constraint, generate_solvers, solve
cf = generate_constraint(generate_solvers(solve(equations)))
# inverted objective, used in solving for the maximum
_objective = lambda x: -objective(x)
if __name__ == '__main__':
from mystic.solvers import diffev2, fmin_powell
from mystic.math import almostEqual
result = diffev2(_objective, x0=bounds, bounds=bounds, constraint=cf, penalty=pf, npop=40, ftol=1e-8, gtol=100, disp=False, full_output=True)
assert almostEqual(result[0], xs, rel=2e-2)
assert almostEqual(result[1], ys, rel=2e-2)
result = fmin_powell(_objective, x0=[-1.0,1.0], bounds=bounds, constraint=cf, penalty=pf, disp=False, full_output=True)
assert almostEqual(result[0], xs, rel=2e-2)
assert almostEqual(result[1], ys, rel=2e-2)
这是另一个:
"""
Fit linear and quadratic polynomial to noisy data:
y(x) ~ a + b * x --or-- y(x) ~ a + b * x + c * x**2
where:
0 >= x >= 4
y(x) = y0(x) + yn
y0(x) = 1.5 * exp(-0.2 * x) + 0.3
yn = 0.1 * Normal(0,1)
"""
有解决方案:
from numpy import polyfit, poly1d, linspace, exp
from numpy.random import normal
from mystic.math import polyeval
from mystic import reduced
# Create clean data.
x = linspace(0, 4.0, 100)
y0 = 1.5 * exp(-0.2 * x) + 0.3
# Add a bit of noise.
noise = 0.1 * normal(size=100)
y = y0 + noise
@reduced(lambda x,y: abs(x)+abs(y))
def objective(coeffs, x, y):
return polyeval(coeffs, x) - y
bounds = [(None, None), (None, None), (None, None)]
args = (x, y)
# 'solution' is:
xs = polyfit(x, y, 2)
ys = objective(xs, x, y)
if __name__ == '__main__':
from mystic.solvers import diffev2, fmin_powell
from mystic.math import almostEqual
result = diffev2(objective, args=args, x0=bounds, bounds=bounds, npop=40, ftol=1e-8, gtol=100, disp=False, full_output=True)
assert almostEqual(result[0], xs, tol=1e-1)
assert almostEqual(result[1], ys, rel=1e-1)
result = fmin_powell(objective, args=args, x0=[0.0,0.0,0.0], bounds=bounds, disp=False, full_output=True)
assert almostEqual(result[0], xs, tol=1e-1)
assert almostEqual(result[1], ys, rel=1e-1)
对于并行计算,mystic 可以利用pathos 和pyina(请参阅:https://github.com/uqfoundation),您只需传递要用于并行运行的映射函数的分层配置。这很容易。对于库存问题,它可能不是最快的,但(在我看来)它是(在我看来)您无法解决的问题(由于规模或复杂性)的最佳选择。