'delayed_jobs' gem 没有在 heroku 上迁移

Question

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我正在尝试在我的项目中使用“delayed_jobs”gem。我的一切都在我的本地环境中工作，但是当我在 Heroku 上将项目移至生产环境时，我无法“rake db:migrate”，也无法启动我的服务器。以下是我遵循的步骤。

*在我的 gem 文件中使用 'delayed_job' 和 'delayed_job_active_record' 运行 bundle_install
*我没有运行 'ails generate delayed_job:active_record'，因为当我在 DEV 中运行 'ails generate delayed_job:active_record' 时，迁移文件已移至服务器
*我运行 rake db:migrate 失败并出现以下错误，不知道如何修复。 （注意：由于表不存在，迁移失败，这是一个大问题，因为我需要运行迁移来创建表）。

[?25l[?25h无法将PID文件写入/app/tmp/pids/delayed_job.pid [ActiveJob] 在 2016 年 6 月 4 日 14:57:56 UTC 将 SquareOrderCleanupJob（作业 ID：c364f5c1-a3c3-401a-95a6-a567a2813942）排队到 DelayedJob（默认） [ActiveJob] Mysql2::Error: Table 'heroku_fc2daea183dcdd6.delayed_jobs' 不存在: SHOW FULL FIELDS FROM `delayed_jobs` 耙中止！ ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: Mysql2::Error: Table 'heroku_fc2daea183dcdd6.delayed_jobs' 不存在: SHOW FULL FIELDS FROM `delayed_jobs` /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/mysql2-0.3.21/lib/mysql2/client.rb:80:in `_query' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/mysql2-0.3.21/lib/mysql2/client.rb:80:in `block in query' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/mysql2-0.3.21/lib/mysql2/client.rb:79:in `handle_interrupt' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/mysql2-0.3.21/lib/mysql2/client.rb:79:in `查询' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapter/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:305:in `block in execute' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapter/abstract_adapter.rb:473:in `block in log' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/notifications/instrument.rb:20:in `instrument' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:467:in `log' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapter/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:305：在“执行”中 /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql2_adapter.rb:231:in `execute' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapter/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:312:in `execute_and_free' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:457:in `columns' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/schema_cache.rb:43:in `columns' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/attributes.rb:93:in `columns' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/attributes.rb:98:in `columns_hash' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/inheritance.rb:205:in `subclass_from_attributes?' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/inheritance.rb:54:in `new' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/delayed_job-4.1.2/lib/delayed/backend/base.rb:16:in `enqueue_job' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/delayed_job-4.1.2/lib/delayed/backend/base.rb:12:in `enqueue' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/queue_adapters/delayed_job_adapter.rb:22:in `enqueue_at' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/enqueuing.rb:69:in `block in enqueue' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:115:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:115:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:553:in `block (2 levels) in compile' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:503:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:503:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:496:in `block (2 levels) in around' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:341:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:341:in `block (2 levels) in simple' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/logging.rb:14:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/logging.rb:14:in `block (3 levels) in ' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/logging.rb:43:in `block in tag_logger' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:68:in `block in tagged' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:26:in `tagged' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:68:in `tagged' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/logging.rb:43:in `tag_logger' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/logging.rb:13:in `block (2 levels) in ' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:439:in `instance_exec' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:439:in `block in make_lambda' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:340:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:340:in `block in simple' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:495:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:495:in `block in around' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:503:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:503:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:88:in `run_callbacks' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/enqueuing.rb:67:in `enqueue' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/configured_job.rb:13:in `perform_later' /app/config/initializers/schedule_jobs.rb:2:in `' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `block in load' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:652:in `block in load_config_initializer' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:651:in `load_config_initializer' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:616:in `block (2 levels) in ' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:615:in `each' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:615:in `block in' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `each' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `tsort_each_child' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `each' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `tsort_each_child' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/application.rb:352:in `initialize!' /app/config/environment.rb:5:in `' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `block in require' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/application.rb:328:in `require_environment！ /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/application.rb:457:in `block in run_tasks_blocks' Mysql2::Error: 表 'heroku_fc2daea183dcdd6.delayed_jobs' 不存在 /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/mysql2-0.3.21/lib/mysql2/client.rb:80:in `_query' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/mysql2-0.3.21/lib/mysql2/client.rb:80:in `block in query' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/mysql2-0.3.21/lib/mysql2/client.rb:79:in `handle_interrupt' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/mysql2-0.3.21/lib/mysql2/client.rb:79:in `查询' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapter/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:305:in `block in execute' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapter/abstract_adapter.rb:473:in `block in log' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/notifications/instrument.rb:20:in `instrument' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:467:in `log' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapter/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:305：在“执行”中 /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql2_adapter.rb:231:in `execute' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapter/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:312:in `execute_and_free' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:457:in `columns' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/schema_cache.rb:43:in `columns' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/attributes.rb:93:in `columns' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/attributes.rb:98:in `columns_hash' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/inheritance.rb:205:in `subclass_from_attributes?' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/inheritance.rb:54:in `new' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/delayed_job-4.1.2/lib/delayed/backend/base.rb:16:in `enqueue_job' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/delayed_job-4.1.2/lib/delayed/backend/base.rb:12:in `enqueue' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/queue_adapters/delayed_job_adapter.rb:22:in `enqueue_at' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/enqueuing.rb:69:in `block in enqueue' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:115:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:115:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:553:in `block (2 levels) in compile' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:503:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:503:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:496:in `block (2 levels) in around' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:341:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:341:in `block (2 levels) in simple' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/logging.rb:14:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/logging.rb:14:in `block (3 levels) in ' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/logging.rb:43:in `block in tag_logger' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:68:in `block in tagged' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:26:in `tagged' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:68:in `tagged' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/logging.rb:43:in `tag_logger' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/logging.rb:13:in `block (2 levels) in ' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:439:in `instance_exec' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:439:in `block in make_lambda' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:340:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:340:in `block in simple' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:495:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:495:in `block in around' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:503:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:503:in `call' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:88:in `run_callbacks' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/enqueuing.rb:67:in `enqueue' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activejob-4.2.3/lib/active_job/configured_job.rb:13:in `perform_later' /app/config/initializers/schedule_jobs.rb:2:in `' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `block in load' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:652:in `block in load_config_initializer' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:651:in `load_config_initializer' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:616:in `block (2 levels) in ' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:615:in `each' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:615:in `block in' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `each' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `tsort_each_child' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `each' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `tsort_each_child' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/application.rb:352:in `initialize!' /app/config/environment.rb:5:in `' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `block in require' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/application.rb:328:in `require_environment!' /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.3/lib/rails/application.rb:457:in `block in run_tasks_blocks' 任务：TOP => db:migrate => 环境 （通过使用 --trace 运行任务查看完整跟踪） [?25h

更新 我发现问题是由在我的 rails 应用程序初始化时执行以下代码引起的。我能够通过暂时删除它来使迁移工作，然后在迁移完成后将其重新添加（代码要求在运行之前运行迁移）。这是一个临时补丁，所以我将努力为未来的 PROD 推送找到更好的解决方案。我想我可以在运行代码之前找到一种方法来检查表是否存在，但是如果有人知道更好的方法，请告诉我。

system("ruby lib/background_job start")
SquareOrderCleanupJob.set(wait: 10.minute).perform_later()
at_exit do
    system("ruby lib/background_job stop")
end

Answer 1

您可以检查表是否存在，因此是否已运行迁移：

ActiveRecord::Base.connection.table_exists? 'table_name'

这个答案也在 SO here 中。