如何以编程方式设置 Cron 作业？

Question

是否可以以编程方式设置 CRON 作业？使用带有php_curl 扩展名的PHP？我有以下代码：

function wp_cron_control_call_cron( $blog_address ) {
    $cron_url = $blog_address . '/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron';
    $ch = curl_init( $cron_url );
    curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 0 );
    curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, '3' );
    $result = curl_exec( $ch );
    curl_close( $ch );
    return $result;
}

有没有以编程方式在设定的时间间隔内执行此操作？我不想在 cPanel 中手动设置 CRONTAB 或类似的东西。如果可能的话，我希望能够使用实际代码来完成。这可能吗？ curl_setopt 中有设置吗？还是其他方式？如果重要，请使用 PHP 5.4.16。

Answer 1

为什么不使用 cPanel API v2？

cPanel Inc 创建了一个Client XML API，你猜怎么着......它使用 cURL 来调用 API。

首先获取 xmlapi.php 文件，现在在 xmlapi.php 中搜索这些行：

private $port               =   '2087';
private $protocol       =   'https';

为了使其在没有 root 访问权限的 cPanel 帐户下工作，请将 $port 更改为 2083 (HTTPS) 或 2082 (HTTP)，显然，如果您使用的是 HTTP-Port，请将 $protocol 更改为http.

cPanel API 有一个 Cron module documentation 如你所问，你可以删除、添加甚至编辑 CronJob。

使用示例

列出所有 CronJob ：

require_once 'xmlapi.php';

/*
 *  Instanciate the class, setting up username/password/IP
 *  @ip - cPanel server IP, if this script is on the cPanel server replace $ip by $ip = getenv('REMOTE_HOST');
 *  @account - string - your cPanel username
 *  @pass - string - your cPanel password
 */

$ip = '127.0.0.1';
$account = 'username';
$pass = "password";
$xmlapi = new xmlapi($ip, $account, $pass);

/*
 * Just to be sure that XML-API will use the correct port and protocol
 * @set_port(port); change port to 2082 if it isn't redirected to HTTPS and/or using HTTP protocol, else.. use 2083
 * @set_protocol(protocol); change protocol to http if your sever accept HTTP else put the protocol to https
 * @set_output(format); change to XML if you want the result output w/ XML, JSON if you want the result output w/ JSON
 */
$xmlapi->set_port('2083');
$xmlapi->set_protocol('https');
$xmlapi->set_output("json");
$xmlapi->set_debug(1);

/*
 * @api2_query(account, module, function, params)
 */
print $xmlapi->api2_query($account, "Cron", "listcron");

例如，在 CronJob 中只有一行会返回：

{"cpanelresult":{"data":[{"day":"1","minute":"1","hour":"1","count":1,"command_htmlsafe":"/usr/bin/php5","command":"/usr/bin/php5","weekday":"1","month":"1","linekey":"7209fe24c876a729b42a929692c62ce3"},{"count":2}],"apiversion":2,"module":"Cron","event":{"result":1},"func":"listcron"}}

创建一个 CronJob

require_once 'xmlapi.php';

/*
 *  Instanciate the class, setting up username/password/IP
 *  @ip - cPanel server IP, if this script is on the cPanel server replace $ip by $ip = getenv('REMOTE_HOST');
 *  @account - string - your cPanel username
 *  @pass - string - your cPanel password
 */

$ip = '127.0.0.1';
$account = 'username';
$pass = "password";
$xmlapi = new xmlapi($ip, $account, $pass);

/*
 * Just to be sure that XML-API will use the correct port and protocol
 * @set_port(port); change port to 2082 if it isn't redirected to HTTPS and/or using HTTP protocol, else.. use 2083
 * @set_protocol(protocol); change protocol to http if your sever accept HTTP else put the protocol to https
 * @set_output(format); change to XML if you want the result output w/ XML, JSON if you want the result output w/ JSON
 */
$xmlapi->set_port('2083');
$xmlapi->set_protocol('https');
$xmlapi->set_output("json");
$xmlapi->set_debug(1);

/*
 *  @command string - The command, script, or program you wish for your cronjob to execute.
 *  @day int - The day on which you would like this crontab entry to run. Wildcards and any acceptable input to a crontab time expression line are allowed here.
 *  @hour int - The hour at which you would like this crontab entry to run. Wildcards and any acceptable input to a crontab time expression line are allowed here.
 *  @minute int - The minute at which you would like this crontab entry to run. Wildcards and any acceptable input to a crontab time expression line are allowed here.
 *  @month int - The month you would like this crontab entry to run. Wildcards and any acceptable input to a crontab time expression line are allowed here.
 *  @weekday int - The weekday on which you would like this crontab entry to run. Wildcards and any acceptable input to a crontab time expression line is allowed here. Acceptable values range from 0 to 6, where 0 represents Sunday and 6 represents Saturday.
 */

$command = "/usr/bin/php cron.php";
$day = "1";
$hour = "1";
$minute = "1";
$month = "1";
$weekday = "1";

/*
 * @api2_query(account, module, function, params)
 */
print $xmlapi->api2_query($account, "Cron", "add_line", array(
    "command"=>$command,
    "day"=>$day,
    "hour"=>$hour,
    "minute"=>$minute,
    "month"=>$month,
    "weekday"=>$weekday
));

显然，它会返回：

{"cpanelresult":{"module":"Cron","event":{"result":1},"apiversion":2,"data":[{"statusmsg":"crontab installed","status":1,"linekey":"9b0c93fe238a185e4aa78752a49a0718"}],"func":"add_line"}}

删除一个 CronJob

在解释如何删除 CronJob 之前，您必须知道要删除的 CronJob 的行。如果您在响应部分选中“列出所有 CronJob”，您可能会在 JSON 响应中看到计数，正是这个：

[{"day":"1","minute":"1","hour":"1","count":1,"command_htmlsafe":"/usr/bin/php5","command":"/usr/bin/php5","weekday":"1","month":"1","linekey":"7209fe24c876a729b42a929692c62ce3"},{"count":2}]

确切的行是"hour":1之后的"count":1和不是最新的"count":2，正如你所理解的，该行是..... FIRST（干得好，sherlock）。

现在我们可以使用带有 Curl::remove_line 的相同脚本：

require_once 'xmlapi.php';

/*
 *  Instanciate the class, setting up username/password/IP
 *  @ip - cPanel server IP, if this script is on the cPanel server replace $ip by $ip = getenv('REMOTE_HOST');
 *  @account - string - your cPanel username
 *  @pass - string - your cPanel password
 */

$ip = '127.0.0.1';
$account = 'username';
$pass = "password";
$xmlapi = new xmlapi($ip, $account, $pass);

/*
 * Just to be sure that XML-API will use the correct port and protocol
 * @set_port(port); change port to 2082 if it isn't redirected to HTTPS and/or using HTTP protocol, else.. use 2083
 * @set_protocol(protocol); change protocol to http if your sever accept HTTP else put the protocol to https
 * @set_output(format); change to XML if you want the result output w/ XML, JSON if you want the result output w/ JSON
 */
$xmlapi->set_port('2083');
$xmlapi->set_protocol('https');
$xmlapi->set_output("json");
$xmlapi->set_debug(1);

/*
 * @api2_query(account, module, function, params)
 */
print $xmlapi->api2_query($account, "Cron", "remove_line", array(
    "line" => "1"
));

然后输出：

{"cpanelresult":{"module":"Cron","data":[{"status":1,"statusmsg":"crontab installed"}],"func":"remove_line","apiversion":2,"event":{"result":1}}}

编辑 CronJob

AGAIN 您需要linekey OR 行号（称为commandnumber）才能编辑一行，代码完全相同，除了那里是一个 linekey 和 line params ，检查 linekey 的 Cron::listcron 响应，这里的每个示例：

[{"day":"1","minute":"1","hour":"1","count":1,"command_htmlsafe":"/usr/bin/php5","command":"/usr/bin/php5","weekday":"1","month":"1","linekey":"7209fe24c876a729b42a929692c62ce3"},{"count":2}]

linekey 参数为 7209fe24c876a729b42a929692c62ce3，commandnumber 为 1（请参见此处的计数："hour":"1","count":1）

有代码：

require_once 'xmlapi.php';

/*
 *  Instanciate the class, setting up username/password/IP
 *  @ip - cPanel server IP, if this script is on the cPanel server replace $ip by $ip = getenv('REMOTE_HOST');
 *  @account - string - your cPanel username
 *  @pass - string - your cPanel password
 */

$ip = '127.0.0.1';
$account = 'username';
$pass = "password";
$xmlapi = new xmlapi($ip, $account, $pass);

/*
 * Just to be sure that XML-API will use the correct port and protocol
 * @set_port(port); change port to 2082 if it isn't redirected to HTTPS and/or using HTTP protocol, else.. use 2083
 * @set_protocol(protocol); change protocol to http if your sever accept HTTP else put the protocol to https
 * @set_output(format); change to XML if you want the result output w/ XML, JSON if you want the result output w/ JSON
 */
$xmlapi->set_port('2083');
$xmlapi->set_protocol('https');
$xmlapi->set_output("json");
$xmlapi->set_debug(1);

/*
 *  @command string - The command, script, or program you wish for your cronjob to execute.
 *  @commandnumber int - The line of the cron entry to be edited, as reported by listcron. If this is not specified, linekey (see below) must be specified.
 *  @linekey int - The linekey for the entry to be edited, as reported by listcron. If this is not specified, commandnumber (see above) must be specified.
 *  @day int - The day on which you would like this crontab entry to run. Wildcards and any acceptable input to a crontab time expression line are allowed here.
 *  @hour int - The hour at which you would like this crontab entry to run. Wildcards and any acceptable input to a crontab time expression line are allowed here.
 *  @minute int - The minute at which you would like this crontab entry to run. Wildcards and any acceptable input to a crontab time expression line are allowed here.
 *  @month int - The month you would like this crontab entry to run. Wildcards and any acceptable input to a crontab time expression line are allowed here.
 *  @weekday int - The weekday on which you would like this crontab entry to run. Wildcards and any acceptable input to a crontab time expression line is allowed here. Acceptable values range from 0 to 6, where 0 represents Sunday and 6 represents Saturday.
 */

$command = "/usr/bin/php cron.php";
$commandnumber = "1";
$linekey = "7209fe24c876a729b42a929692c62ce3";
$day = "1";
$hour = "2";
$minute = "1";
$month = "1";
$weekday = "1";

/*
 * @api2_query(account, module, function, params)
 */

print $xmlapi->api2_query($account, "Cron", "edit_line", array(
    "command"=>$command,
    "commandnumber"=>$commandnumber,
    "linekey"=>$linekey,
    "day"=>$day,
    "hour"=>$hour,
    "minute"=>$minute,
    "month"=>$month,
    "weekday"=>$weekday
));

PS : 如果你使用 linekey，你可以将命令行留空，反之亦然。

我让它变得简单..但是使用 POST 请求等有很多可能性..

libssh2 方式

我找到了一种使用 libssh2 的方法，checkout here

shell_exec方式

唯一的缺点是共享主机甚至是正确的网站管理员都不会启用shell功能，但是..如果启用了，您应该检查here@ajreal给出的解决方案，但这也取决于什么用户 crontab..

希望这对您有所帮助！

Answer 2

How to enable CURL extension

wordpress WP-Cron-Control

Managing Cron Jobs with PHP

每 30 分钟执行一次 cron 作业

*/30 * * * * /home/ramesh/backup.sh

注意：同理，每 10 分钟使用 */10，每 15 分钟使用 */15，每 30 分钟使用 */30，等等。

WordPress Cron 间隔

<?php

// Add a new interval of a week
// See http://codex.wordpress.org/Plugin_API/Filter_Reference/cron_schedules

add_filter( 'cron_schedules', 'myprefix_add_weekly_cron_schedule' );
function myprefix_add_weekly_cron_schedule( $schedules ) {
    $schedules['weekly'] = array(
        'interval' => 604800, // 1 week in seconds
        'display'  => __( 'Once Weekly' ),
    );

    return $schedules;
}

// Schedule an action if it's not already scheduled


if ( ! wp_next_scheduled( 'myprefix_my_cron_action' ) ) {
    wp_schedule_event( time(), 'weekly', 'myprefix_my_cron_action' );
}

// Hook into that action that'll fire weekly


add_action( 'myprefix_my_cron_action', 'myprefix_function_to_run' );
function myprefix_function_to_run() {
    // Add some code here
}

?>

完整源代码（保存到任何 PHP 文件并添加到插件文件夹并激活）

功能

wp_schedule_event($time, $interval, $hook, $args);

$time:it Contain TimeStamp Format or when the execute the Event is set Here.time must be in UNIX Time stamp Format.

$interval: it Define When Schedule recoours. Schedule Must Be (hourly,twicedaily,daily)

$hook: name of hoo


<?php
/* 
    Plugin Name:Cron-Job Example
    Version: 1.0
    Author: ravipatel
    Description: Simple Cron-Job Example
    */ 
    register_activation_hook( __FILE__, 'cron_schedule_activate' ); // When Plugin Activate Set Cron-Job
    function cron_schedule_activate()
    {
        wp_schedule_event( time(), 'hourly', 'cron_simple_example_hook' );   //Set Function and Set Schedule as Per Your Requirement
    }
    add_action( 'cron_simple_example_hook', 'cron_simple_example' );    //Add Action

    function cron_simple_example()
    {
        //Add Here Curl Function to submit Data to Site You Want
        $ch = curl_init();
        curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_POST,1);
        curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_URL,"Your URL");
        curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_HEADER,0);
        curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
        curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_TIMEOUT,40);
        curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,"POST Parameter Detail");
        curl_exec($ch);
        curl_close($ch);
    }
?>

Answer 3

您可以添加以下 php 代码：

$mycronjob = "0 * * * * /home/website.com/my.php";

$output = shell_exec('echo "$mycronjob" | crontab -');

您可以根据需要修改 $mycronjob 值。

Answer 4

要在系统上设置“cron 作业”，您可以通过添加特定格式的新行来修改 crontab 文件。

来自Wikipedia

# * * * * *  command to execute
# ┬ ┬ ┬ ┬ ┬
# │ │ │ │ │
# │ │ │ │ │
# │ │ │ │ └───── day of week (0 - 7) (0 to 6 are Sunday to Saturday, or use names; 7 is Sunday, the same as 0)
# │ │ │ └────────── month (1 - 12)
# │ │ └─────────────── day of month (1 - 31)
# │ └──────────────────── hour (0 - 23)
# └───────────────────────── min (0 - 59)

所以每 30 分钟执行一次你的工作

*/30 * * * * php myscript.php?param1=test

要将这个字符串变成一个 cron 作业，需要将它添加到 crontab 文件中，有 quite a few 不同的方式 people have done this 通过脚本编写。一旦你找到了你喜欢的，你就可以使用 PHP 来执行脚本了。

要通过 PHP 执行此操作，您可以利用 shell_exec() 函数

$output = shell_exec('SCRIPT GOES HERE');

Answer 5

试试这样的：

<?php
// ...
$scriptPath = '/path/of/the/phpscript/';
$dayOfWeek = date('w', time());
$hour = date('H', time());
$minute = date('i', time());
$srtCron = "$minute $hour * * $dayOfWeek php $scriptPath";
shell_exec("(crontab -l ; echo $srtCron)| crontab -");
// ...

记住 $srtCron 是：

* * * * *
| | | | |
| | | | ----- Day of week (0 - 7) (Sunday=0 or 7)
| | | ------- Month (1 - 12)
| | --------- Day of month (1 - 31)
| ----------- Hour (0 - 23)
------------- Minute (0 - 59)

一些参考：

Add Jobs To cron Under Linux or UNIX

Appending to crontab with a shell script

Answer 6

从 PHP 以编程方式编辑 crontab 既困难又痛苦。我给你的建议很简单。

1. 在每分钟运行的 crontab 中添加 1 个条目。这个 cron 将执行一个 PHP 脚本。它将是主要入口点（见第 3 点）
2. 创建一个简单的 MySQL 表，您可以在其中添加/删除/编辑 PHP 中的条目。此表必须是 cron 系统字段的副本（列示例：日、月、周、小时、分钟和“要执行的脚本”）
3. 创建一个连接到您的 MySQL 数据库的 cron.php 脚本（针对第 1 点），并检查列表（第 2 点）是否有当前分钟需要执行的内容。如果是这样，那么您可以使用 shell_exec()。

现在你想编辑一个 cron 吗？只需编辑您的 Mysql 表（手动或从 php 脚本）。它应该可以解决你所有的问题。

Answer 7

这只是一个例子 您可以访问How can I programmatically create a new cron job? 以更好地了解命令， 要了解玉米，你可以去 Running a simple shell script as a cronjob

Answer 8

PHP 创建 Cronjob

<?php
  $output = shell_exec('crontab -l'); // <- thats an L right there
  file_put_contents('/tmp/crontab.txt', $output . '* * * * * NEW_CRON' . PHP_EOL);
  echo exec('crontab /tmp/crontab.txt');
?>

PHP 删除 Cronjob

<?php
  echo exec('crontab -r');
?>

这将删除整个 crontab 文件。

Answer 9

你可以试试这个：

ignore_user_abort(1);
ini_set('max_execution_time',0);
$startingtime=date();
for($i=0;$i<1;){
if(date() > $startingtime+[time for cron job]){

CODE TO EXECUTE

}
else{
sleep($startingtime+[time for cron job]-date());
}
}

Answer 10

WordPress 不是已经内置了伪 cron 功能吗？ wp_schedule_event() 函数似乎可以处理您在 WordPress API 中描述的内容：

安排一个将由 WordPress 动作核心执行的钩子 在您指定的特定时间间隔内。动作会在什么时候触发 如果预定时间已过，有人访问您的 WordPress 网站。 有关挂钩列表，请参阅插件 API。

以下是如何设置包含wp_next_scheduled() 的每小时事件的示例：

add_action( 'wp', 'prefix_setup_schedule' );
/**
 * On an early action hook, check if the hook is scheduled - if not, schedule it.
 */
function prefix_setup_schedule() {
    if ( ! wp_next_scheduled( 'prefix_hourly_event' ) ) {
        wp_schedule_event( time(), 'hourly', 'prefix_hourly_event');
    }
}


add_action( 'prefix_hourly_event', 'prefix_do_this_hourly' );
/**
 * On the scheduled action hook, run a function.
 */
function prefix_do_this_hourly() {
    // do something every hour
}

所以使用您的示例代码，这应该可以工作：

add_action( 'wp', 'prefix_setup_schedule' );
/**
 * On an early action hook, check if the hook is scheduled - if not, schedule it.
 */
function prefix_setup_schedule() {
    if ( ! wp_next_scheduled( 'prefix_hourly_event' ) ) {
        wp_schedule_event( time(), 'hourly', 'prefix_hourly_event');
    }
}


add_action( 'prefix_hourly_event', 'wp_cron_control_call_cron' );
/**
 * On the scheduled action hook, run a function.
 */
function wp_cron_control_call_cron( $blog_address ) {
    $cron_url = $blog_address . '/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron';
    $ch = curl_init( $cron_url );
    curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 0 );
    curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, '3' );
    $result = curl_exec( $ch );
    curl_close( $ch );
    return $result;
}

此外，您可以通过简单地将时间戳存储在某处来在普通 PHP 中执行类似的操作。在数据库字段中，或者在缓存目录或 tmp 目录中存储的文件中。然后只需在每次页面加载时检查该文件，例如，如果页面加载时间的增量超出您检查的时间跨度，则运行该任务。

或者，您实际上可以每分钟运行一个真正的 cron 作业来代替 PHP 页面加载——例如，它会加载一个 PHP 页面，然后根据您的需要执行增量比较逻辑。