【发布时间】：2019-12-07 23:29:50
【问题描述】：
我认为在绘制带纹理的金字塔时遗漏了一些东西。我无法让它正常工作，因为我不擅长 3d 现代 OpenGL。不知何故，我设法画了一个立方体，但金字塔似乎出了问题。我希望四个边有 0.5（上）、0.0（左）、1,0（右）。底部为 0,1（左上）、1,1（右上）、0,0（左下）和 1,0（右下）。我需要这些坐标，因为我的坐标只能得到模糊的图像。任何帮助，将不胜感激。
这是我的代码，其中包含我之前创建并运行良好的立方体顶点。
/*Header Inclusions*/
#include <iostream>
#include <GL/Glew.h>
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
// GLM Math inclusions
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include<glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
//include soil
#include "SOIL2/SOIL2.h"
using namespace std; // Uses the standard namespace
#define WINDOW_TITLE "Modern OpenGL" // Macro for window title
//Vertex and fragment shader
#ifndef GLSL
#define GLSL(Version, source) "#version " #Version "\n" #source
#endif
// Variables for window width and height
GLint ShaderProgram, WindowWidth = 800, WindowHeight = 600;
GLuint VBO, VAO, texture;
GLfloat degrees = glm::radians(-45.0f);
/* User-defined Function prototypes to:*/
void UResizeWindow(int,int);
void URenderGraphics(void);
void UCreateShader(void);
void UCreateBuffers(void);
void UGenerateTexture(void);
/*Vertex shader source code*/
const GLchar * vertexShaderSource = GLSL(330,
layout(location = 0) in vec3 position;
layout(location = 2) in vec2 textureCoordinate;
out vec2 mobileTextureCoordinate; //declare a vec 4 variable
//Global variables for the transform matrices
uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;
void main(){
gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(position, 1.0f);//transform vertices
mobileTextureCoordinate = vec2(textureCoordinate.x, 1.0f - textureCoordinate.y);
}
);
/*Fragment shader program source code*/
const GLchar * fragmentShaderSource = GLSL(330,
in vec2 mobileTextureCoordinate;
out vec4 gpuTexture;//out vertex_Color;
uniform sampler2D uTexture;
void main(){
gpuTexture = texture(uTexture, mobileTextureCoordinate);
}
);
//main program
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
glutInitWindowSize(WindowWidth, WindowHeight);
glutCreateWindow(WINDOW_TITLE);
glutReshapeFunc(UResizeWindow);
glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
if (glewInit()!= GLEW_OK)
{
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLEW" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
UCreateShader();
UCreateBuffers();
UGenerateTexture();
// Use the Shader program
glUseProgram(ShaderProgram);
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Set background color
glutDisplayFunc(URenderGraphics);
glutSetOption(GLUT_ACTION_ON_WINDOW_CLOSE, GLUT_ACTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION);
glutMainLoop();
// Destroys Buffer objects once used
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
return 0;
}
/* Resizes the window*/
void UResizeWindow(int w, int h)
{
WindowWidth = w;
WindowHeight = h;
glViewport(0, 0, WindowWidth, WindowHeight);
}
/* Renders graphics */
void URenderGraphics(void)
{
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enable z-depth
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clears the screen
glBindVertexArray(VAO); // Activate the Vertex Array Object before rendering and transforming them
// Transforms the object
glm::mat4 model;
model = glm::translate(model, glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0f, 0.0f)); // Place the object at the center of the 7i,p9rA
model = glm::rotate(model, degrees, glm::vec3(0.0, 1.0f, 0.0f)); // Rotate the object 45 degrees on the XYZ
model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f)); // Increase the object size by a scale of 2
// Transforms the camera
glm::mat4 view;
view = glm::translate(view, glm::vec3(0.0f,0.0f,-5.0f)); //Moves the world 0.5 units on X and -5 units in Z
// Creates a perspective projection
glm::mat4 projection;
projection = glm::perspective(45.0f, (GLfloat)WindowWidth / (GLfloat)WindowHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f);
// Retrieves and passes transform matrices to the Shader program
GLint modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ShaderProgram, "model");
GLint viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ShaderProgram, "view");
GLint projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ShaderProgram, "projection");
glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
glutPostRedisplay();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
// Draws the triangles
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0, 36);
glBindVertexArray(0); // Deactivate the Vertex Array Object
glutSwapBuffers(); // Flips the the back buffer with the front buffer every frame. Similar to GL FLush
}
/*Creates the Shader program*/
void UCreateShader()
{
// Vertex shader
GLint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER); // Creates the Vertex Shader
glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL); // Attaches the Vertex Shader to the source code
glCompileShader(vertexShader); // Compiles the Vertex Shader
// Fragment Shader
GLint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); // Creates the Fragment Shader
glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);// Attaches the Fragment Shader to the source code
glCompileShader(fragmentShader); // Compiles the Fragment Shader
// Shader program
ShaderProgram = glCreateProgram(); // Creates the Shader program and returns an id
glAttachShader(ShaderProgram, vertexShader); // Attach Vertex Shader to the Shader program
glAttachShader(ShaderProgram, fragmentShader);; // Attach Fragment Shader to the Shader program
glLinkProgram(ShaderProgram); //Link Vertex and Fragment shader, to Shader program
// Delete the Vertex and Fragment shaders once linked
glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
}
/*creates the buffer and array object*/
void UCreateBuffers()
{
//position and color data
GLfloat vertices[] = {
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f
};
//Generate buffer id,
glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
glGenBuffers(1,&VBO);
// Activate the Vertex Array Object before binding and setting any VB0s and Vertex Attribute Pointers.
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
// Activate the VBO
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //Copy vertices to VBO
// Set attribute pointer 0 to hold Position data
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); // Enables vertex attribute
// Set attribute pointer 2 to hold Color data
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2); // Enables vertex attribute
glBindVertexArray(0); // Deactivates the VAC, which is good practice
}
/*Generate and load the texture*/
void UGenerateTexture(){
glGenTextures(1, &texture);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
int width,height;
unsigned char* image = SOIL_load_image("snhu.jpg", &width, &height, 0, SOIL_LOAD_RGB);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
SOIL_free_image_data(image);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
}
【问题讨论】：