禁用 SSH 的密码验证 [关闭]

Question

我正在寻找一种方法来禁止 SSH 客户端访问密码提示，如 here 所述。

我无法为 root 登录禁用 password: 提示。我已将sshd_config 文件更改为：

ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
PasswordAuthentication no
UsePAM no

并且还更改了权限chmod 700 ~/.ssh 和chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys。我错过了什么？这需要我有密码吗？

详细转储：

debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug1: Trying private key: /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /home/user/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Next authentication method: password

文件 /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

# Package generated configuration file
# See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details

# What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 22
# Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to
#ListenAddress ::
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
Protocol 2
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
#Privilege Separation is turned on for security
UsePrivilegeSeparation yes

# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
KeyRegenerationInterval 3600
ServerKeyBits 768

# Logging
SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO

# Authentication:
LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin no
StrictModes yes

RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
#AuthorizedKeysFile    %h/.ssh/authorized_keys

# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
IgnoreRhosts yes
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts
RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
HostbasedAuthentication no
# Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes

# To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED)
PermitEmptyPasswords no

# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
# some PAM modules and threads)
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords
#PasswordAuthentication no

# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes

# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes

X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
PrintMotd no
PrintLastLog yes
TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no

#MaxStartups 10:30:60
Banner /etc/issue.net

# Allow client to pass locale environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*

Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server

# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM no

Answer 1

在文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config

# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords
#PasswordAuthentication no

取消注释第二行，如果需要，将 yes 更改为 no。

然后运行

service ssh restart

Answer 2

这是一个自动执行此操作的单行代码

sed -i -E 's/#?PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

#? 是一个扩展的正则表达式，无论它是否被注释，它都匹配行。 -E 开关启用对 sed 的扩展正则表达式支持。

Answer 3

运行

service ssh restart

而不是

/etc/init.d/ssh restart

这可能有效。

Answer 4

我遵循了这些步骤（对于 Mac）。

在/etc/ssh/sshd_config改

#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
#PasswordAuthentication yes

到

ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
PasswordAuthentication no

现在生成 RSA 密钥：

ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa

（对我来说，RSA 密钥有效。DSA 密钥无效。）

将在~/.ssh/id_rsa 中生成一个私钥以及~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub（公钥）。

现在移动到 .ssh 文件夹：cd ~/.ssh

输入rm -rf authorized_keys（有时多个键会导致错误）。

输入vi authorized_keys

输入:wq保存这个空文件

输入cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

重启 SSH：

sudo launchctl stop com.openssh.sshd
sudo launchctl start com.openssh.sshd

Answer 5

禁用SSH密码认证的单行：

sed -i 's/PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config && service ssh restart