我编写了一个类Permutation，除其他外，它可以返回将给定排列转换为标识所需的许多转置。这是通过创建轨道（循环）并计算它们的长度来完成的。术语取自 Kostrikin A., I., “Introduction to Linear Algebra I”。
包括：
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
类排列：
class Permutation {
public:
struct ei_element { /* element of the orbit*/
int e; /* identity index */
int i; /* actual permutation index */
};
typedef std::vector<ei_element> Orbit; /* a cycle */
Permutation( std::vector<int> const& i_vector);
/* permute i element, vector is 0 indexed */
int pi( int i) const { return iv[ i - 1]; }
int i( int k) const { return pi( k); } /* i_k = pi(k) */
int q() const { /* TODO: return rank = q such that pi^q = e */ return 0; }
int n() const { return n_; }
/* return the sequence 1, 2, ..., n */
std::vector<int> const& Omega() const { return ev; }
/* return vector of cycles */
std::vector<Orbit> const& orbits() const { return orbits_; }
int l( int k) const { return orbits_[ k].size(); } /* length of k-th cycle */
int transpositionsCount() const; /* return sum of all transpositions */
void make_orbits();
private:
struct Increment {
int current;
Increment(int start) : current(start) {}
int operator() () {
return current++;
}
};
int n_;
std::vector<int> iv; /* actual permutation */
std::vector<int> ev; /* identity permutation */
std::vector<Orbit> orbits_;
};
定义：
Permutation::Permutation( std::vector<int> const& i_vector) :
n_( i_vector.size()),
iv( i_vector), ev( n_) {
if ( n_) { /* fill identity vector 1, 2, ..., n */
Increment g ( 1);
std::generate( ev.begin(), ev.end(), g);
}
}
/* create orbits (cycles) */
void Permutation::make_orbits() {
std::set<int> to_visit( ev.begin(), ev.end()); // identity elements to visit
while ( !to_visit.empty()) {
/* new cycle */
Orbit orbit;
int first_to_visit_e = *to_visit.begin();
to_visit.erase( first_to_visit_e);
int k = first_to_visit_e; // element in identity vector
/* first orbit element */
ei_element element;
element.e = first_to_visit_e;
element.i = i( first_to_visit_e);
orbit.push_back( element);
/* traverse permutation until cycle is closed */
while ( pi( k) != first_to_visit_e && !to_visit.empty()) {
k = pi( k);
ei_element element;
element.e = k;
element.i = pi( k);
orbit.push_back( element);
to_visit.erase( k);
}
orbits_.push_back( orbit);
}
}
和：
/* return sum of all transpositions */
int Permutation::transpositionsCount() const {
int count = 0;
int k = 0;
while ( k < orbits_.size()) {
count += l( k++) - 1; /* sum += l_k - 1 */
}
return count;
}
用法：
/*
*
*/
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
//1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 identity (e)
int permutation[] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 7, 6, 8}; // actual (i)
std::vector<int> vp( permutation, permutation + 8);
Permutation p( vp);
p.make_orbits();
int k = p.orbits().size();
std::cout << "Number of cycles:" << k << std::endl;
for ( int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
std::vector<Permutation::ei_element> v = p.orbits()[ i];
for ( int j = 0; j < v.size(); ++j) {
std::cout << v[ j].e << "," << v[ j].i << " | ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
std::cout << "Steps needed to create identity permutation: "
<< p.transpositionsCount();
return 0;
}
输出：
循环次数：3
1,2 | 2,3 | 3,4 | 4,5 | 5,1 |
6,7 | 7,6 |
8,8 |
创建恒等排列所需的步骤：5
运行成功（总时间：82 毫秒）
coliru