【发布时间】:2016-03-29 04:33:53
【问题描述】:
我的问题是如何加快在 windows 上的 OpenGL 上绘图。
测试代码如下。我从网上的一些 cairo 示例中复制了它。
fps 下降到每秒 30 到 40,甚至比网络浏览器还要慢。
每帧画一条线,我尝试在 html5 上编写 javascript。同一个函数只是画一条线,而且运行得更快。
为什么cairo在opengl上画线这么慢?我做错什么了吗? 以及如何加快速度?
我认为c++应该比javascript快很多
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#include <math.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <random>
#include <gl/glut.h>
#include <gl/glext.h>
#include <cairo.h>
using namespace std;
double win_width = 800;
double win_height = 600;
double hw = win_width / 2;
double hh = win_height / 2;
double line_width = 1;
//double line_width = 1 / win_width;
cairo_surface_t * surf = NULL;
cairo_t * cr = NULL;
unsigned char * surf_data = NULL;
GLuint texture_id;
// Interface //
void opengl_init(void)
{
printf("OpenGL version: %s\n", glGetString(GL_VERSION));
printf("OpenGL vendor: %s\n", glGetString(GL_VENDOR));
printf("OpenGL renderer: %s\n", glGetString(GL_RENDERER));
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB);
}
void opengl_cleanup(void)
{
glDeleteTextures(1, &texture_id);
}
void opengl_draw(int width, int height, unsigned char * surf_data)
{
if (!surf_data)
{
printf("draw_func() - No valid pointer to surface-data passed\n");
return;
}
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glPushMatrix();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB, texture_id);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB,
0,
GL_RGBA,
width,
height,
0,
GL_BGRA,
GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
surf_data);
glColor3f(0.25f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
glTexCoord2f((GLfloat)width, 0.0f);
glVertex2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
glTexCoord2f((GLfloat)width, (GLfloat)height);
glVertex2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, (GLfloat)height);
glVertex2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
}
void opengl_resize(int width, int height)
{
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glDeleteTextures(1, &texture_id);
glGenTextures(1, &texture_id);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB, texture_id);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB,
0,
GL_RGBA,
width,
height,
0,
GL_BGRA,
GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
NULL);
glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_DECAL);
}
void drawShape()
{
//save current brush
cairo_save(cr);
// clear background
cairo_set_operator(cr, CAIRO_OPERATOR_OVER);
//cairo_scale(cr, (double)win_height / 1.0f, (double)win_height / 1.0f);
cairo_set_source_rgba(cr, 1, 1, 1, 1);
cairo_paint(cr);
//set line color and style
cairo_set_line_cap(cr, CAIRO_LINE_CAP_ROUND);
cairo_set_line_width(cr, line_width);
static double angle = 0;
angle += 0.01f;
//draw rect
cairo_set_source_rgba(cr, 1, 0, 0, 1);
//cairo_rectangle(cr, 0.5f + sinf(angle) * 0.1f, 0.5f, 0.1f, 0.1f);
cairo_rectangle(cr, hw + sin(angle) * 100, hh, 100, 100);
cairo_fill(cr);
cairo_stroke(cr);
//draw circle
cairo_set_source_rgba(cr, 0, 0, 1, 1);
cairo_arc(cr, 300, hh, 100, 0, 2 * M_PI);
//cairo_fill(cr);
cairo_stroke(cr);
//draw line
static double r = 100;
static double posx = 500;
static double posy = 500;
static double x = 0;
static double y = 0;
x = r * cosf(angle);
y = r * sinf(angle);
cairo_set_source_rgba(cr, 0, 1, 0, 1);
cairo_move_to(cr, x + posx, y + posy);
cairo_line_to(cr, -x + posx, -y + posy);
cairo_stroke(cr);
int minx = 5;
int maxx = win_width - 5;
int miny = 5;
int maxy = win_height - 5;
int n = 50 * 2;
std::default_random_engine randomEngine;
randomEngine.seed(std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
std::uniform_real_distribution<float> rangeX(minx, maxx);
std::uniform_real_distribution<float> rangeY(miny, maxy);
cairo_set_source_rgba(cr, 0, 0, 0, 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n * 2; i += 4)
{
float x1 = rangeX(randomEngine);
float y1 = rangeY(randomEngine);
float x2 = rangeX(randomEngine);
float y2 = rangeY(randomEngine);
cairo_move_to(cr, x1, y1);
cairo_line_to(cr, x2, y2);
}
cairo_stroke(cr);
//restore previous brush
cairo_restore(cr);
}
void display(void)
{
static int fps = 0;
static int frame = 0;
static long long startTime = chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
static long long lastTime = 2;
long long now = chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
++frame;
//update per second
if (now - lastTime > 10000000)
{
lastTime = now;
fps = frame;
frame = 0;
cout << fps << endl;
}
drawShape();
opengl_draw(win_width, win_height, surf_data);
glutSwapBuffers();
}
cairo_t*
create_cairo_context(int width,
int height,
int channels,
cairo_surface_t** surf,
unsigned char** buffer)
{
cairo_t* cr;
// create cairo-surface/context to act as OpenGL-texture source
*buffer = (unsigned char*)calloc(channels * width * height, sizeof(unsigned char));
if (!*buffer)
{
printf("create_cairo_context() - Couldn't allocate buffer\n");
return NULL;
}
*surf = cairo_image_surface_create_for_data(*buffer,
CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32,
width,
height,
channels * width);
if (cairo_surface_status(*surf) != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
{
free(*buffer);
printf("create_cairo_context() - Couldn't create surface\n");
return NULL;
}
cr = cairo_create(*surf);
if (cairo_status(cr) != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
{
free(*buffer);
printf("create_cairo_context() - Couldn't create context\n");
return NULL;
}
return cr;
}
void cleanup(void)
{
opengl_cleanup();
free(surf_data);
cairo_destroy(cr);
exit(0);
}
void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
switch (key)
{
//27 is ESC key
case 27:
case 'q':
cleanup();
break;
case 'd':
cairo_surface_write_to_png(surf, "frame.png");
break;
case '+':
if (line_width < 10)
line_width += 1;
break;
case '-':
if (line_width > 1)
line_width -= 1;
break;
}
}
void idle(void)
{
glutPostRedisplay();
}
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
glutInitWindowSize(win_width, win_height);
if (glutCreateWindow("Opengl Test") == 0)
exit(-2);
// create cairo-surface/context to act as OpenGL-texture source
cr = create_cairo_context(win_width, win_height, 4, &surf, &surf_data);
// setup "GL-context"
opengl_init();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
glutIdleFunc(idle);
opengl_resize(win_width, win_height);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
这是我使用的html和js
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="main.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
html, body {
margin: 0px;
}
canvas {
display: block;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
</body>
</html>
main.js
window.onload = function() {
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"),
context = canvas.getContext("2d"),
width = canvas.width = window.innerWidth,
height = canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
render();
function render() {
context.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
for(var i = 0; i < 100; i += 1){
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(Math.random() * width, Math.random() * height);
context.lineTo(Math.random() * width, Math.random() * height);
context.stroke();
}
requestAnimationFrame(render);
}
};
【问题讨论】:
标签: c++ windows performance opengl cairo