只需在每个可能以零超时关闭的套接字上运行“测试选择”,并检查选择结果和 errno,直到找到已关闭的套接字。
以下演示代码在不同的线程上启动两个服务器套接字,并创建两个客户端套接字以连接到任一服务器套接字。然后它启动另一个线程,它将在 10 秒后随机终止一个客户端套接字(它只会关闭它)。关闭任一客户端套接字会导致选择失败并在主线程中出错,下面的代码现在将测试两个套接字中的哪一个实际上已关闭。
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
static void * serverThread ( void * threadArg )
{
int res;
int connSo;
int servSo;
socklen_t addrLen;
struct sockaddr_in soAddr;
uint16_t * port = threadArg;
servSo = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
assert(servSo >= 0);
memset(&soAddr, 0, sizeof(soAddr));
soAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
soAddr.sin_port = htons(*port);
// Uncommend line below if your system offers this field in the struct
// and also needs this field to be initialized correctly.
// soAddr.sin_len = sizeof(soAddr);
res = bind(servSo, (struct sockaddr *)&soAddr, sizeof(soAddr));
assert(res == 0);
res = listen(servSo, 10);
assert(res == 0);
addrLen = 0;
connSo = accept(servSo, NULL, &addrLen);
assert(connSo >= 0);
for (;;) {
char buffer[2048];
ssize_t bytesRead;
bytesRead = recv(connSo, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0);
if (bytesRead <= 0) break;
printf("Received %zu bytes on port %d.\n", bytesRead, (int)*port);
}
free(port);
close(connSo);
close(servSo);
return NULL;
}
static void * killSocketIn10Seconds ( void * threadArg )
{
int * so = threadArg;
sleep(10);
printf("Killing socket %d.\n", *so);
close(*so);
free(so);
return NULL;
}
int main ( int argc, const char * const * argv )
{
int res;
int clientSo1;
int clientSo2;
int * socketArg;
uint16_t * portArg;
pthread_t killThread;
pthread_t serverThread1;
pthread_t serverThread2;
struct sockaddr_in soAddr;
// Create a server socket at port 19500
portArg = malloc(sizeof(*portArg));
assert(portArg != NULL);
*portArg = 19500;
res = pthread_create(&serverThread1, NULL, &serverThread, portArg);
assert(res == 0);
// Create another server socket at port 19501
portArg = malloc(sizeof(*portArg));
assert(portArg != NULL);
*portArg = 19501;
res = pthread_create(&serverThread1, NULL, &serverThread, portArg);
assert(res == 0);
// Create two client sockets, one for 19500 and one for 19501
// and connect both to the server sockets we created above.
clientSo1 = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
assert(clientSo1 >= 0);
clientSo2 = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
assert(clientSo2 >= 0);
memset(&soAddr, 0, sizeof(soAddr));
soAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
soAddr.sin_port = htons(19500);
res = inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &soAddr.sin_addr);
assert(res == 1);
// Uncommend line below if your system offers this field in the struct
// and also needs this field to be initialized correctly.
// soAddr.sin_len = sizeof(soAddr);
res = connect(clientSo1, (struct sockaddr *)&soAddr, sizeof(soAddr));
assert(res == 0);
soAddr.sin_port = htons(19501);
res = connect(clientSo2, (struct sockaddr *)&soAddr, sizeof(soAddr));
assert(res == 0);
// We want either client socket to be closed locally after 10 seconds.
// Which one is random, so try running test app multiple times.
socketArg = malloc(sizeof(*socketArg));
srandomdev();
*socketArg = (random() % 2 == 0 ? clientSo1 : clientSo2);
res = pthread_create(&killThread, NULL, &killSocketIn10Seconds, socketArg);
assert(res == 0);
for (;;) {
int ndfs;
int count;
fd_set readSet;
// ndfs must be the highest socket number + 1
ndfs = (clientSo2 > clientSo1 ? clientSo2 : clientSo1);
ndfs++;
FD_ZERO(&readSet);
FD_SET(clientSo1, &readSet);
FD_SET(clientSo2, &readSet);
// No timeout, that means select may block forever here.
count = select(ndfs, &readSet, NULL, NULL, NULL);
// Without a timeout count should never be zero.
// Zero is only returned if select ran into the timeout.
assert(count != 0);
if (count < 0) {
int error = errno;
printf("Select terminated with error: %s\n", strerror(error));
if (error == EBADF) {
fd_set closeSet;
struct timeval atonce;
FD_ZERO(&closeSet);
FD_SET(clientSo1, &closeSet);
memset(&atonce, 0, sizeof(atonce));
count = select(clientSo1 + 1, &closeSet, NULL, NULL, &atonce);
if (count == -1 && errno == EBADF) {
printf("Socket 1 (%d) closed.\n", clientSo1);
break; // Terminate test app
}
FD_ZERO(&closeSet);
FD_SET(clientSo2, &closeSet);
// Note: Standard requires you to re-init timeout for every
// select call, you must never rely that select has not changed
// its value in any way, not even if its all zero.
memset(&atonce, 0, sizeof(atonce));
count = select(clientSo2 + 1, &closeSet, NULL, NULL, &atonce);
if (count == -1 && errno == EBADF) {
printf("Socket 2 (%d) closed.\n", clientSo2);
break; // Terminate test app
}
}
}
}
// Be a good citizen, close all sockets, join all threads
close(clientSo1);
close(clientSo2);
pthread_join(killThread, NULL);
pthread_join(serverThread1, NULL);
pthread_join(serverThread2, NULL);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
运行此测试代码两次的示例输出:
$ ./sockclose
Killing socket 3.
Select terminated with error: Bad file descriptor
Socket 1 (3) closed.
$ ./sockclose
Killing socket 4.
Select terminated with error: Bad file descriptor
Socket 1 (4) closed.
但是,如果您的系统支持 poll(),我强烈建议您考虑使用此 API 而不是 select()。 Select 是过去相当丑陋的遗留 API,只是为了与现有代码向后兼容而留在那里。 Poll 为这个任务提供了一个更好的接口,它有一个额外的标志来直接告诉你一个套接字已经在本地关闭:如果这个套接字已经关闭,POLLNVAL 将被设置为revents,无论你在事件中请求了哪些标志,因为POLLNVAL 是仅输出标志,这意味着在events 上设置它时会被忽略。如果套接字没有在本地关闭,但远程服务器刚刚关闭了连接,POLLHUP 标志将在revents 中设置(也是仅输出标志)。 poll 的另一个优点是超时只是一个 int 值(毫秒,对于真正的网络套接字来说足够细),并且对可以监控的套接字数量或其数值范围没有限制。