Django 频道 + 在发布请求后发送 websocket 消息答案

【问题标题】：Django channels + send websocket message after post requestDjango 频道 + 在发布请求后发送 websocket 消息
【发布时间】：2021-07-12 06:41:47
【问题描述】：

我的应用程序有问题。我的 django 频道和 websocket 工作得非常好，当我从 JS（内部呈现的 html）发送消息时，消息将进入 websocket，然后进入数据库（异步）。但是当我尝试在 POST 请求渲染之前发送消息时，它会引发错误。

#here everything works fine:
def room(request, room_name):

    messages = message.objects.all()
    texts = []
    
    for i in messages:
        texts.append(i.text)
        
    last_lines = texts[-20:]
    
    vars = {
        "room_name": room_name,
        "messages": last_lines,
    }
    print()

    if request.method == "POST":
        vars["post_d"] = request.POST.get("desc")
        print(vars["post_d"])

        # ws = create_connection("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/chat/loobby/")
        # time.sleep(2)
        # ws.send(json.dumps({"message": message}))

        return render(request, "chat/room.html", vars)

    return render(request, "chat/room.html", vars)
#=======================================================
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
July 12, 2021 - 08:26:23
Django version 3.1.3, using settings 'onionChat.settings'
Starting ASGI/Channels version 3.0.3 development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

Post request from c# console app
HTTP POST /chat/loobby/ 200 [0.10, 127.0.0.1:3261]

我的发送 python websocket 消息的 test.py 文件（也很好用）更改显示在 web 浏览器的 db 和 websocket 中。

import json
import time
import asyncio
from websocket import create_connection

async def send(message):
    ws = create_connection("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/chat/loobby/")
    time.sleep(2)
    ws.send(json.dumps({"message": message}))
    print("here")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(send("nothing"))

#==================================================================
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
July 12, 2021 - 08:29:48
Django version 3.1.3, using settings 'onionChat.settings'
Starting ASGI/Channels version 3.0.3 development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
WebSocket HANDSHAKING /ws/chat/loobby/ [127.0.0.1:1032]
WebSocket CONNECT /ws/chat/loobby/ [127.0.0.1:1032]
WebSocket DISCONNECT /ws/chat/loobby/ [127.0.0.1:1032]
added message to db

但是当我尝试发送 websocket 消息并且在返回渲染之后它会抛出一个错误

def room(request, room_name):

    messages = message.objects.all()
    texts = []

    for i in messages:
        texts.append(i.text)

    last_lines = texts[-20:]

    vars = {
        "room_name": room_name,
        "messages": last_lines,
    }
    print()

    if request.method == "POST":
        vars["post_d"] = request.POST.get("desc")
        print(vars["post_d"])

        ws = create_connection("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/chat/loobby/")
        time.sleep(2) 
        ws.send(json.dumps({"message": message}))

    return render(request, "chat/room.html", vars)
#==================================================================
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
July 12, 2021 - 08:34:51
Django version 3.1.3, using settings 'onionChat.settings'
Starting ASGI/Channels version 3.0.3 development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

Post request from c# console app
WebSocket HANDSHAKING /ws/chat/loobby/ [127.0.0.1:30427]
WebSocket DISCONNECT /ws/chat/loobby/ [127.0.0.1:30427]
Internal Server Error: /chat/loobby/
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\asgiref\sync.py", line 339, in thread_handler
    raise exc_info[1]
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 38, in inner
    response = await get_response(request)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 231, in _get_response_async
    response = await wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\asgiref\sync.py", line 304, in __call__
    ret = await asyncio.wait_for(future, timeout=None)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\asyncio\tasks.py", line 442, in wait_for
    return await fut
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\concurrent\futures\thread.py", line 52, in run
    result = self.fn(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\asgiref\sync.py", line 343, in thread_handler
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Алексей\Desktop\dev\OnionChat\onionChat\chat\views.py", line 48, in room
    ws = create_connection("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/chat/loobby/")
  File "C:\Users\Алексей\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\websocket\_core.py", line 595, in create_connection
    websock.connect(url, **options)
  File "C:\Users\Алексей\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\websocket\_core.py", line 252, in connect
    self.handshake_response = handshake(self.sock, *addrs, **options)
  File "C:\Users\Алексей\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\websocket\_handshake.py", line 59, in handshake
    status, resp = _get_resp_headers(sock)
  File "C:\Users\Алексей\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\websocket\_handshake.py", line 143, in _get_resp_headers
    status, resp_headers, status_message = read_headers(sock)
  File "C:\Users\Алексей\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\websocket\_http.py", line 300, in read_headers
    line = recv_line(sock)
  File "C:\Users\Алексей\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\websocket\_socket.py", line 136, in recv_line
    c = recv(sock, 1)
  File "C:\Users\Алексей\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\websocket\_socket.py", line 115, in recv
    bytes_ = _recv()
  File "C:\Users\Алексей\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\websocket\_socket.py", line 92, in _recv
    return sock.recv(bufsize)
ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] Удаленный хост принудительно разорвал существующее подключение
HTTP POST /chat/loobby/ 500 [4.97, 127.0.0.1:30426]

还有我的 c# 代码，但我认为问题不在这里

static void post_command(string command)
        {
            using (var client = new WebClient())
            {
                client.Timeout = 600 * 60 * 1000;
                
                client.Headers["User-Agent"] = "Mozilla/5.0";
                var values = new NameValueCollection();
                values["desc"] = $"{command}"; 
                client.UploadValues(link, values);
                //var responseString = Encoding.Default.GetString(response);
                //Console.Write(responseString);
            }
        }

【问题讨论】：

标签： python c# django websocket django-channels

【解决方案1】：

我知道这是一个相当老的问题，尽管我现在面临同样的问题。似乎无法从已经提供此类连接的应用程序打开 web-socket 连接。这就是您的 test.py 有效的原因 - 因为它在 Django 应用程序之外。

所以我想出了从当前打开的套接字中获取相关通道的解决方案：

views.py

from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync
from channels.layers import get_channel_layer

def room(request, room_name):
    # your logic...

    if request.method == "POST":
        vars["post_d"] = request.POST.get("desc")
        print(vars["post_d"])

        channel_layer = get_channel_layer()
        async_to_sync(channel_layer.group_send)(
            f'chat_{room_name}',
            {
                'type': 'receive',
                'message': message
            }
        )

假设在 routing.py 你有：

from django.urls import re_path

from . import consumers

websocket_urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'ws/chat/(?P<room_name>\w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
]

在您的 consumers.py 中，您必须相应地匹配 receive 方法（注意 type='receive'）和您的 channel 名称（在您的示例中是 lobby )

from channels.generic.websocket import AsyncWebsocketConsumer


class ChatConsumer(AsyncWebsocketConsumer):
    async def connect(self):

        self.room_name = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['room_name']
        self.room_group_name = f'chat_{self.room_name}'

        await self.channel_layer.group_add(
            self.room_group_name,
            self.channel_name
        )

        await self.accept()

    async def receive(self, text_data=None, type='receive', **kwargs):
        if isinstance(text_data, dict):
            text_data_json = text_data
        else:
            text_data_json = json.loads(text_data)

        # all other logic on handling the message...

【讨论】：