使用 ui 自动化选择组合框项目

Question

如何选择 ComboBox 的 SelectedIndex = -1？

我写了一个代码来自动化测试：

AutomationElement aeBuildMachine = null;
int count = 0;
do
{
    Console.WriteLine("\nLooking for Build Machine Combo Box");
    aeBuildMachine = aeTabitemmain.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.ClassNameProperty, "ListBoxItem"));
    if (aeBuildMachine == null)
          throw new Exception("No Build Machine Combo Box");
    else
          Console.WriteLine("Found Build Machine Combo Box");
    ++count;
 }
while (aeBuildMachine == null && count < 50);

Console.WriteLine("Selecting Build machine from combobox...");
SelectionItemPattern spBuildmachine = (SelectionItemPattern)aeBuildMachine.GetCurrentPattern(SelectionItemPattern.Pattern);

如何使用这个SelectionItemPattern？

Answer 1

这比它需要的复杂程度大约 100 倍，但我终于让它工作了。 WPF ComboBox 的一个大问题是，就自动化而言，它似乎没有任何 ListItem直到 ComboBox 展开。

下面的代码使用 ExpandCollapse 模式暂时下拉列表然后折叠它，然后它可以使用 ComboBox 上的 FindFirst 来获取要选择的 ListItem，然后使用 SelectionItem 模式来选择它。

对于原始问题，选择 -1 表示未选择任何项目。对此没有任何方法，但您可以简单地使用 FindAll 获取 ListItems 的集合，依次获取每个 ListItems 的 SelectionItem 模式并调用其 RemoveFromSelection 方法。

    public static void SetSelectedComboBoxItem(AutomationElement comboBox, string item)
    {
        AutomationPattern automationPatternFromElement = GetSpecifiedPattern(comboBox, "ExpandCollapsePatternIdentifiers.Pattern");

        ExpandCollapsePattern expandCollapsePattern = comboBox.GetCurrentPattern(automationPatternFromElement) as ExpandCollapsePattern;

        expandCollapsePattern.Expand();
        expandCollapsePattern.Collapse();

        AutomationElement listItem = comboBox.FindFirst(TreeScope.Subtree, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.NameProperty, item));

        automationPatternFromElement = GetSpecifiedPattern(listItem, "SelectionItemPatternIdentifiers.Pattern");

        SelectionItemPattern selectionItemPattern = listItem.GetCurrentPattern(automationPatternFromElement) as SelectionItemPattern;

        selectionItemPattern.Select();
    }

    private static AutomationPattern GetSpecifiedPattern(AutomationElement element, string patternName)
    {
        AutomationPattern[] supportedPattern = element.GetSupportedPatterns();

        foreach (AutomationPattern pattern in supportedPattern)
        {
            if (pattern.ProgrammaticName == patternName)
                return pattern;
        }

        return null;
    }

Answer 2

我想我会分享这个作为从 ComboBox 或其他项目容器中选择任何项目的简单方法：

protected AutomationElement GetItem(AutomationElement element, string item)
    {
        AutomationElement elementList;
        CacheRequest cacheRequest = new CacheRequest();
        cacheRequest.Add(AutomationElement.NameProperty);
        cacheRequest.TreeScope = TreeScope.Element | TreeScope.Children;

        elementList = element.GetUpdatedCache(cacheRequest);

        foreach (AutomationElement child in elementList.CachedChildren)
            if (child.Cached.Name == item)
                return child;

        return null;
    }

element 是 ComboBox 或 item 容器，item 是容器中 item 的字符串名称或字面值。获得项目后，您可以执行以下操作来选择它：

protected void Select(AutomationElement element)
    {
        SelectionItemPattern select = (SelectionItemPattern)element.GetCurrentPattern(SelectionItemPattern.Pattern);
        select.Select();
    }

希望这对其他人有所帮助。我从有关自动化的 MSDN 文档中派生出这种模式，可在此处找到：

MSDN - Automation and Cached Children

Answer 3

这对我有用。

    /// <summary>
    /// Extension method to select item from comboxbox
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="comboBox">Combobox Element</param>
    /// <param name="item">Item to select</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static bool SelectComboboxItem(this AutomationElement comboBox, string item)
    {
        if (comboBox == null) return false;
        // Get the list box within the combobox
        AutomationElement listBox = comboBox.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.ControlTypeProperty, ControlType.List));
        if (listBox == null) return false;
        // Search for item within the listbox
        AutomationElement listItem = listBox.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.NameProperty, item));
        if (listItem == null) return false;
        // Check if listbox item has SelectionItemPattern
        object objPattern;
        if (true == listItem.TryGetCurrentPattern(SelectionItemPatternIdentifiers.Pattern, out objPattern))
        {
            SelectionItemPattern selectionItemPattern = objPattern as SelectionItemPattern;
            selectionItemPattern.Select(); // Invoke Selection
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

用法

        AutomationElement paymentCombobox = element.FindFirst(
            TreeScope.Children,
            new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.NameProperty, "cbPayment")
        );
        paymentCombobox.SelectComboboxItem("Cash");

资源https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms752305(v=vs.110).aspx

Answer 4

http://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/library/system.windows.automation.selectionitempattern_members(v=VS.85).aspx

这就是我所理解的问题的答案。

但是..这真的是你的问题吗？

无论如何，您可以从一个选择中添加或删除 SelectableItems - 我想 - 属于其父项，其他一些事情也是如此，例如检查它们是否被选中。

Answer 5

我认为这对于简单的通用 ComobBox 值设置器来说可能是最简单的方法，只要 ComboBox 中的列表项没有重复项，这种方法就可以了。

private void SetCombobValueByUIA( AutomationElement ctrl, string newValue )
{ 
    ExpandCollapsePattern exPat = ctrl.GetCurrentPattern(ExpandCollapsePattern.Pattern) 
                                                              as ExpandCollapsePattern;

    if( exPat== null )
    {
        throw new ApplicationException( "Bad Control type..." );
    }

    exPat.Expand();

    AutomationElement itemToSelect = ctrl.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants, new
                          PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.NameProperty,newValue));

    SelectionItemPattern sPat = itemToSelect.GetCurrentPattern(
                                              SelectionItemPattern.Pattern)  as SelectionItemPattern ; 
    sPat. Select();
}

Answer 6

没有大的变化，但只有少数需要注意，

1. 无需使用折叠模式，调用 expand 即可解决问题。
2. 使用 treescope.subtree 对我有用，而不是对孩子有用。

代码示例是这样的，

public static void SelectValueInComboBox(string comboBox, string value)
{
    var comboBoxElement = HelperMethods.FindElementFromAutomationID(comboBox);
    if (comboBoxElement == null)
        throw new Exception("Combo Box not found");

    ExpandCollapsePattern expandPattern = (ExpandCollapsePattern)comboBoxElement.GetCurrentPattern(ExpandCollapsePattern.Pattern);

    AutomationElement comboboxItem = comboBoxElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Subtree, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.NameProperty, value));

    SelectionItemPattern selectPattern = (SelectionItemPattern)comboboxItem.GetCurrentPattern(SelectionItemPattern.Pattern);
    selectPattern.Select();
}

Answer 7

对我来说，gotmug 的回答要求激活 CacheRequest。我将其作为扩展方法实现

 public static bool SelectDropDownItem(this AutomationElement comboBoxElement, string item)
        {
            bool itemFound = false;
            AutomationElement elementList;
            CacheRequest cacheRequest = new CacheRequest();
            cacheRequest.Add(AutomationElement.NameProperty);
            cacheRequest.TreeScope = TreeScope.Element | TreeScope.Children;

            using (cacheRequest.Activate())
            {
                // Load the list element and cache the specified properties for its descendants.
                Condition cond = new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.ControlTypeProperty, ControlType.List);
                elementList = comboBoxElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, cond);
            }

            //Loop thru and find the actual ListItem
            foreach (AutomationElement child in elementList.CachedChildren)
                if (child.Cached.Name == item)
                {
                    SelectionItemPattern select = (SelectionItemPattern)child.GetCurrentPattern(SelectionItemPattern.Pattern);
                    select.Select();
                    itemFound = true;
                    break;
                }
            return itemFound;
        }

Answer 8

<pre>
  public static void SetComboBox(AutomationElement ComboxBox, string SelectedValue)
        {
            AutomationElement ListBox = ComboxBox.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "ListBox"));
            AutomationElement SelectedItem = ListBox.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.NameProperty, SelectedValue));
            ((SelectionItemPattern)SelectedItem.GetCurrentPattern(SelectionItemPattern.Pattern)).Select();
        }

使用说明： 1）复制并粘贴到实用程序类 2) 找到你的 ComboBox AutomationElement 3) Utility.SetCombox(ComboxAutomationElement, "SelectedText")

理解：

ComboBox的树形结构如下：

ComboBox->ListBox(children)->ListItems(children)【每个combobox都有一个ListBox作为children，ListBox有所有ListItems作为children】。

每个ListItem都有SelectedItemPattern，调用你想选择的。

后来我发现“Shaz”的编码更好，我将他评为最佳编码。

** 注释：要进行 UIAAutomation，您必须将应用程序的 AutomationElements 映射到 TreeView，这使一切变得简单易懂。

Answer 9

我在 WindowsForms comboBox

中使用了这段代码

用法

comboBox.SetSelectedComboBoxItem("ValueYouWantToSelect");

将此Class 添加到您的项目中：

public static class AutomationElementExtensions
    { 
        public static void InvokeControl(this AutomationElement element)
        {
            InvokePattern invokePattern = null;

            try
            {
                invokePattern =
                    element.GetCurrentPattern(InvokePattern.Pattern)
                    as InvokePattern;
            }
            catch (ElementNotEnabledException)
            {
                // Object is not enabled
                return;
            }
            catch (InvalidOperationException)
            {
                // object doesn't support the InvokePattern control pattern
                return;
            }

            invokePattern.Invoke();
            Thread.Sleep(500);
        } 


        public static void SetSelectedComboBoxItem(this AutomationElement comboBox, string item)
        {
            AutomationPattern automationPatternFromElement = GetSpecifiedPattern(comboBox, "ExpandCollapsePatternIdentifiers.Pattern");

            ExpandCollapsePattern expandCollapsePattern = comboBox.GetCurrentPattern(automationPatternFromElement) as ExpandCollapsePattern;

            expandCollapsePattern.Expand();



            AutomationElement listItem = comboBox.FindFirst(TreeScope.Subtree, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.NameProperty, item));

            InvokeControl(listItem); 
        }

        private static AutomationPattern GetSpecifiedPattern(AutomationElement element, string patternName)
        {
            AutomationPattern[] supportedPattern = element.GetSupportedPatterns();

            foreach (AutomationPattern pattern in supportedPattern)
            {
                if (pattern.ProgrammaticName == patternName)
                    return pattern;
            }

            return null;
        }


    }