解决方案：Python3 Tkinter 使用返回和下一步按钮从一个窗口跳转到另一个窗口

Question

我一直在研究 python3 中的 tkinter，发现很难在网上找到好的文档和答案。为了帮助解决同样问题的其他人，我决定针对一个似乎没有在线文档的简单问题发布解决方案。

问题：创建一个类似向导的程序，向用户显示一系列窗口，用户可以在窗口之间移动，点击下一步和返回 - 按钮。

解决办法是：

• 创建一个根窗口。
• 创建尽可能多的框架，以呈现给用户。将所有框架附加到根窗口。
• 用它需要的所有小部件填充每个框架。
• 填充完所有帧后，使用grid_forget() 方法隐藏每个帧，但不隐藏第一帧，使其变为可见帧。框架上的所有子小部件都将与框架一起隐藏。
• 当用户单击窗口上的“下一步”或“后退”按钮时，调用一个子例程来隐藏其他框架（使用grid_forget()）并使需要的框架可见（使用grid()）。
• 当您希望程序结束时，对根窗口使用 destroy - 方法。

因此，您将创建一个窗口并在其上显示不同的框架。

（顺便说一句，开始学习 tkinter 的最佳地点是：http://www.tkdocs.com/tutorial/index.html）

这是 Python3 中的示例实现。它有 3 个简单的窗口，每个窗口都有一个文本标签和两个用于在不同窗口中导航的按钮。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#

# Creates three "windows" that the user can navigate through using Back and Next - buttons.

import tkinter
import tkinter.ttk

def create_widgets_in_first_frame():
    # Create the label for the frame
    first_window_label = tkinter.ttk.Label(first_frame, text='Window 1')
    first_window_label.grid(column=0, row=0, pady=10, padx=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

    # Create the button for the frame
    first_window_quit_button = tkinter.Button(first_frame, text = "Quit", command = quit_program)
    first_window_quit_button.grid(column=0, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
    first_window_next_button = tkinter.Button(first_frame, text = "Next", command = call_second_frame_on_top)
    first_window_next_button.grid(column=1, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

def create_widgets_in_second_frame():
    # Create the label for the frame
    second_window_label = tkinter.ttk.Label(second_frame, text='Window 2')
    second_window_label.grid(column=0, row=0, pady=10, padx=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

    # Create the button for the frame
    second_window_back_button = tkinter.Button(second_frame, text = "Back", command = call_first_frame_on_top)
    second_window_back_button.grid(column=0, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
    second_window_next_button = tkinter.Button(second_frame, text = "Next", command = call_third_frame_on_top)
    second_window_next_button.grid(column=1, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

def create_widgets_in_third_frame():
    # Create the label for the frame
    third_window_label = tkinter.ttk.Label(third_frame, text='Window 3')
    third_window_label.grid(column=0, row=0, pady=10, padx=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

    # Create the button for the frame
    third_window_back_button = tkinter.Button(third_frame, text = "Back", command = call_second_frame_on_top)
    third_window_back_button.grid(column=0, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
    third_window_quit_button = tkinter.Button(third_frame, text = "Quit", command = quit_program)
    third_window_quit_button.grid(column=1, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

def call_first_frame_on_top():
    # This function can be called only from the second window.
    # Hide the second window and show the first window.
    second_frame.grid_forget()
    first_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

def call_second_frame_on_top():
    # This function can be called from the first and third windows.
    # Hide the first and third windows and show the second window.
    first_frame.grid_forget()
    third_frame.grid_forget()
    second_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

def call_third_frame_on_top():
    # This function can only be called from the second window.
    # Hide the second window and show the third window.
    second_frame.grid_forget()
    third_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

def quit_program():
    root_window.destroy()

###############################
# Main program starts here :) #
###############################

# Create the root GUI window.
root_window = tkinter.Tk()

# Define window size
window_width = 200
window_heigth = 100

# Create frames inside the root window to hold other GUI elements. All frames must be created in the main program, otherwise they are not accessible in functions. 
first_frame=tkinter.ttk.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
first_frame['borderwidth'] = 2
first_frame['relief'] = 'sunken'
first_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

second_frame=tkinter.ttk.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
second_frame['borderwidth'] = 2
second_frame['relief'] = 'sunken'
second_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

third_frame=tkinter.ttk.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
third_frame['borderwidth'] = 2
third_frame['relief'] = 'sunken'
third_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

# Create all widgets to all frames
create_widgets_in_third_frame()
create_widgets_in_second_frame()
create_widgets_in_first_frame()

# Hide all frames in reverse order, but leave first frame visible (unhidden).
third_frame.grid_forget()
second_frame.grid_forget()

# Start tkinter event - loop
root_window.mainloop()

Answer 1

由于您冒昧地将答案作为问题发布。我想发表评论作为答案，并建议您或许应该将其贡献给 TkDocs（点击他们的About tab，他们谈论为该网站做出贡献）。

我认为最好通过更多示例来改进该网站，而不是将该网站变成一本食谱。我认为你也可以为Active State recipes 做出贡献，他们似乎是 Tcl/Tk 火炬的载体，所以 Tkinter 的东西在那里也很有意义。

Answer 2

感谢您的工作 - 我用它作为这个示例的灵感，虽然内容非常简单，但它是一种很酷的方式来制作任意数量的窗口，您可以在它们之间切换。您可以移动下一步和后退按钮的位置，将它们变成箭头，随心所欲。

from tkinter import *
master=Tk()

class makeframe(object):
    def __init__(self,i):
        self.i=i
        self.frame=Frame(master)
        self.nextbutton=Button(self.frame,text='next',command=self.next)
        self.nextbutton.grid(column=2,row=0)
        self.backbutton=Button(self.frame,text='back',command=self.back)
        self.backbutton.grid(column=0,row=0)
        self.label=Label(self.frame,text='%i'%(self.i+1)).grid(column=1,row=0)
    def next(self):
        self.frame.grid_forget()
        p[self.i+1].frame.grid()
    def back(self):
        self.frame.grid_forget()
        p[self.i-1].frame.grid()

n=7
p=[0]*n
for i in range(n):
    p[i]=makeframe(i)
p[0].frame.grid()
p[0].backbutton.config(state=DISABLED)
p[-1].nextbutton.config(state=DISABLED)