GTK+ gcc：链接时对所有 gtk 函数的未定义引用

Question

我正在编写一个带有 GTK+ 的接口，以便使用 XMPP 协议进行聊天。 当我编译它时，我的代码运行良好：

gcc login_gtk.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0`

但由于我将文件添加到项目中，并且我使用的是 Makefile，因此它不再编译。我猜这个问题来自我的 Makefile。

编译器错误：

gcc -o -W -Wall -Wextra -Werror -g -I./Includes/. -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-3.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/at-spi2-atk/2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/libpng12  -lgtk-3 -lgdk-3 -latk-1.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lcairo-gobject -lpango-1.0 -lcairo -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0     -c -o Sources/login_gtk.o Sources/login_gtk.c
gcc -o -W -Wall -Wextra -Werror -g -I./Includes/. -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-3.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/at-spi2-atk/2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/libpng12  -lgtk-3 -lgdk-3 -latk-1.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lcairo-gobject -lpango-1.0 -lcairo -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0     -c -o Sources/circular_buffer.o Sources/circular_buffer.c
gcc -o -W -Wall -Wextra -Werror -g -I./Includes/. -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-3.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/at-spi2-atk/2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/libpng12  -lgtk-3 -lgdk-3 -latk-1.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lcairo-gobject -lpango-1.0 -lcairo -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0     -c -o Sources/welcome_server.o Sources/welcome_server.c
gcc -o -W -Wall -Wextra -Werror -g -I./Includes/. -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-3.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/at-spi2-atk/2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/libpng12  -lgtk-3 -lgdk-3 -latk-1.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lcairo-gobject -lpango-1.0 -lcairo -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0     -c -o Sources/main_loop.o Sources/main_loop.c
gcc -o -W -Wall -Wextra -Werror -g -I./Includes/. -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-3.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/at-spi2-atk/2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/libpng12  -lgtk-3 -lgdk-3 -latk-1.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lcairo-gobject -lpango-1.0 -lcairo -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0     -c -o Sources/client_init.o Sources/client_init.c
gcc -o -W -Wall -Wextra -Werror -g -I./Includes/. -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-3.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/at-spi2-atk/2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/libpng12  -lgtk-3 -lgdk-3 -latk-1.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lcairo-gobject -lpango-1.0 -lcairo -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0     -c -o Sources/main.o Sources/main.c
gcc -o x2p ./Sources/login_gtk.o ./Sources/circular_buffer.o ./Sources/welcome_server.o ./Sources/main_loop.o ./Sources/client_init.o ./Sources/main.o -lexpat
./Sources/login_gtk.o: In function `login_form':
./Sources/login_gtk.c:10: undefined reference to `gtk_entry_new'
./Sources/login_gtk.c:11: undefined reference to `gtk_entry_get_type'
./Sources/login_gtk.c:11: undefined reference to `g_type_check_instance_cast'
./Sources/login_gtk.c:11: undefined reference to `gtk_entry_set_text'
./Sources/login_gtk.c:12: undefined reference to `gtk_box_get_type'
./Sources/login_gtk.c:12: undefined reference to `g_type_check_instance_cast'
./Sources/login_gtk.c:12: undefined reference to `gtk_box_pack_start'
./Sources/login_gtk.c:13: undefined reference to `gtk_entry_get_type'
./Sources/login_gtk.c:13: undefined reference to `g_type_check_instance_cast'

生成文件：

NAME            =       x2p

SRCS            =                                   \
                    ./Sources/login_gtk.c           \
                    ./Sources/circular_buffer.c     \
                    ./Sources/welcome_server.c      \
                    ./Sources/main_loop.c           \
                    ./Sources/client_init.c         \
                    ./Sources/main.c                \                                                                                                      
OBJS            =       $(SRCS:.c=.o)

CC              =       gcc -o

CFLAGS          =       -W -Wall -Wextra -Werror -g -I./Includes/. $(shell pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0)

LDFLAGS         +=      -lexpat

RM              =       rm -f

CAR             =       *\# *~ *core*

all             :       $(NAME)

$(NAME)         :       $(OBJS)
                        $(CC) $(NAME) $(OBJS) $(LDFLAGS)
clean           :
                        $(RM) $(OBJS) $(CAR)

fclean          :       clean
                        $(RM) $(NAME)

re              :       fclean all

以及 login_gtk.c 的一部分：

#include        <gtk/gtk.h>


void            location_form(GtkWidget *pVBox)
{
  GtkWidget     *pList;

  pList = gtk_combo_box_text_new();
  gtk_combo_box_text_append_text(GTK_COMBO_BOX_TEXT(pList), "LOCATION");
  gtk_combo_box_text_append_text(GTK_COMBO_BOX_TEXT(pList), "WORK");
  gtk_combo_box_text_append_text(GTK_COMBO_BOX_TEXT(pList), "HOME");
  gtk_combo_box_text_append_text(GTK_COMBO_BOX_TEXT(pList), "SCHOOL");
  gtk_combo_box_set_active(GTK_COMBO_BOX(pList), 0);
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX(pVBox), pList, FALSE, TRUE, 0);
}

Answer 1

命令is wrong：这是我继续遇到的一个令人难以置信的常见错误。 gcc 的早期版本对参数顺序不那么挑剔，这传播了错误的想法 pkgconfig --cflags --libs 在每个位置都有效。

查看this email 以获取有关正确标志排序的信息。简而言之：

gcc $(pkg-config --cflags ...) myapp.c $(pkg-config --libs ...)

Answer 2

您尚未在 Makefile 中包含这些库。

您必须将-L<path to your lib directory 和-lgtk+-3.0 添加到您的链接器行。

CLFAGS 不见了……

$(NAME)         :       $(OBJS)
                    $(CC) $(NAME) $(OBJS) $(LDFLAGS)

或这里：

LDFLAGS         +=      -lexpat

Answer 3

我终于通过 Makefile 做这件事来编译：

NAME            =       x2p

SRCS            =                                       \
                        ./Sources/circular_buffer.c     \
                        ./Sources/welcome_server.c      \
                        ./Sources/main_loop.c           \
                        ./Sources/client_init.c         \
                        ./Sources/main.c                \                                            

OBJS            =       $(SRCS:.c=.o)

LLFLAGS         =       $(shell pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0)

CC              =       gcc

O               =       -o

CFLAGS          =       -W -Wall -Wextra -Werror -g -I./Includes/.


LDFLAGS         +=      -lexpat

RM              =       rm -f

CAR             =       *\# *~ *core*

all             :       $(NAME)

$(NAME)         :       $(OBJS)
                        $(CC) -I./Includes/. ./Sources/login_gtk.c $(LLFLAGS) $(O) $(NAME) $(OBJS) $(LDFLAGS)
clean           :
                        $(RM) $(OBJS) $(CAR)

fclean          :       clean
                        $(RM) $(NAME)

re              :       fclean all