CMake 链接 GoogleTest 和 UnitTests

Question

我正在尝试设置 GoogleTest 以在 Legacy-Code 库上添加一些测试。

所以我下载了最新版本的 GoogleTest 并将它并排解压到旧代码中，并添加了一个简单的测试来验证安装/配置是否正确。

每次我尝试使用 CMake 制作项目时，都会出现以下错误：

Scanning dependencies of target RunUnitTests
[ 92%] Building CXX object Testing_Code/CMakeFiles/RunUnitTests.dir/test_main.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable RunUnitTests
CMakeFiles/RunUnitTests.dir/test_main.cpp.o: In function `main':
test_main.cpp:(.text+0x1b): undefined reference to `testing::InitGoogleTest(int*, char**)'
CMakeFiles/RunUnitTests.dir/test_main.cpp.o: In function `RUN_ALL_TESTS()':
test_main.cpp:(.text._Z13RUN_ALL_TESTSv[_Z13RUN_ALL_TESTSv]+0x7): undefined reference to `testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()'
test_main.cpp:(.text._Z13RUN_ALL_TESTSv[_Z13RUN_ALL_TESTSv]+0x10): undefined reference to `testing::UnitTest::Run()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Testing_Code/CMakeFiles/RunUnitTests.dir/build.make:85: recipe for target 'Testing_Code/RunUnitTests' failed
make[2]: *** [Testing_Code/RunUnitTests] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:429: recipe for target 'Testing_Code/CMakeFiles/RunUnitTests.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [Testing_Code/CMakeFiles/RunUnitTests.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:116: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

（完整输出可见here）

我一直在寻找修复方法。我在网上搜索并阅读了很多链接，以至于我失去了概述。 我对 CMake 真的很陌生，我想我错过了一些小而重要的事情......

我的文件夹层次结构如下所示：

+
|-+CMake
| |-run.sh
| |-BuildAll.sh
| |-CMakeLists.txt
|
|-+cpp-project
| |-CMakeLists.txt
| |-+work
| | |-CMakeLists.txt
| | 
| |-+include
|   |-CMakeLists.txt
|
|-+GoogleTest
| |-CMakeLists.txt
| |-+googlemock
| |-+googletest
| |-RADME.md
| |-travis.sh
|
|-+Testing_Code
  |-CMakeLists.txt
  |-+test
    |-CMakeLists.txt
    |-test.

要开始编译，我运行sh ~/code/CMake/run.sh，如下所示：

cp BuildAll.sh ./../BuildAll.sh
cp CMakeLists.txt ./../CMakeLists.txt
cd ..
sh BuildAll.sh $1

BuildAll 会做一些清理工作并生成一些文件夹等：

#!/bin/bash

alwaysCleanBuild=$1
control="control"
unittest_out="$control/test"
build="build"
include="$build/include"

if [ $alwaysCleanBuild = true ]; then
    if [ -d "$control" ]; then
        rm -r "$control"
    fi

    if [ -d "$build" ]; then
        rm -r "$build"
    fi
fi

mkdir $control
mkdir $build
mkdir $include

cd $build

cp -r ../GoogleTest/googletest/include/* ./include/
cp ../cpp-project/include/* ./include

cmake ..

if [ $? = 0 ]; then
    make

    if [ $? = 0 ]; then
            ./../control/RunUnitTests
    fi
fi

简称新文件夹：

• control 是 cpp-project libs/binarys/whatever you like to call output 的输出目录 ;)
• build 是用于生成 Makefile 等的 CMake 目的地。
• build\include 是用于访问 gtest 和 cpp-projects 标头的测试的公共包含目录。

CMake/CMakeLists.txt 从BuildAll.sh 脚本复制到根目录。所以有一个'root'-CMakeLists.txt。此 CMakeLists 指定 include_directories 和输出目录：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.2)

project(Test)

set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/../control)
set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/../control)
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/../control)

include_directories(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/include)

add_subdirectory(cpp-project)
add_subdirectory(GoogleTest)
add_subdirectory(Testing_Code)

GoogleTest 的 CMakeLists 都没有受到影响，它们运行起来就像一个魅力。 cpp-projects CMakeFile 也运行得很好，它们将所有内容输出到control 目录。 （我对 CMake 非常满意。对于“简单的初学者步骤”，它比普通的旧 Makefile（在我看来）更快、更简单）。

/Testing_Code/ 的 CMakeLists 看起来也很简单，但我想你会发现我的错误：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.2)

project(Testing)

# Create main.cpp which uses gtest
file(WRITE test_main.cpp "#include <gtest/gtest.h>\n\n")
file(APPEND test_main.cpp "int main(int argc, char **argv)\n{\n")
file(APPEND test_main.cpp "    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);\n")
file(APPEND test_main.cpp "    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();\n")
file(APPEND test_main.cpp "}\n")

# build all tests
ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(test)
# ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(test_2)
# ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(test_3)

# build the test_main
ADD_EXECUTABLE(RunUnitTests test_main.cpp ${GTEST_INCLUDE})

# Link RunUnitTests with GoogleTest and cpp-project
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(RunUnitTests ${GoogleTest} ${cpp-project})

我在这里找不到错误，我真的希望有人可以帮助我。

Answer 1

尝试在测试代码的cmake文件中添加

include_directories(
    /path/to/googletest/include/folder )

编辑：

试试这个：

1) 删除行

cp -r ../GoogleTest/googletest/include/* ./include/
cp ../cpp-project/include/* ./include

2) 编辑您的 cmake 文件

include_directories(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/include)

到

    include_directories(
  ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/../include
  ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/../googletest/include/)
  add_subdirectory(
  ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest
  ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest/build
  EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL 
 )

此外，由于您的 CMakeLists.txt 文件位于 cmake 文件夹中，因此应该是

add_subdirectory(../cpp-project)
add_subdirectory(../GoogleTest)
add_subdirectory(../Testing_Code)

而不是

add_subdirectory(cpp-project)
add_subdirectory(GoogleTest)
add_subdirectory(Testing_Code)