在公共服务器上的我的目录上安装 R 4.1.1，gcc 编译器

Question

我需要在我自己的目录中的公共服务器上安装最新的 R 版本 4.1.1。 我遵循了这个程序：

tar xvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.11
./configure --prefix=$HOME$Programme/zlib-1.2.11
make && make install

tar zxvf bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.6
make -f Makefile-libbz2_so
make clean
# modify the Makefile (original: CC=gcc after modification: CC=gcc -fPIC) as suggested [here][2]
make 
make install PREFIX=/opt/bzip2-1.0.6

tar zxvf xz-5.2.3.tar.gz
cd /root/xz-5.2.3
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3
make -j3
make install

tar zxvf pcre-8.40.tar.gz
cd /root/pcre-8.40
./configure  --prefix=$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40  --enable-utf8
make -j3 && make install

tar zxvf curl-7.52.1.tar.gz
cd /root/curl-7.52.1
./configure  --prefix=$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1
make && make install

./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/R-3.3.1 --enable-R-shlib LDFLAGS="-L/$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/include -I/$HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6/include -I/$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/include -I/$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/include -I/$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1/include"

The configure seemed to work:

R is now configured for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu

  Source directory:          .
  Installation directory:    $HOME/Programme/R-3.3.1

  C compiler:                gcc -std=gnu99  -g -O2
  Fortran 77 compiler:       gfortran  -g -O2

  C++ compiler:              g++  -g -O2
  C++11 compiler:            g++  -std=c++0x -g -O2
  Fortran 90/95 compiler:    gfortran -g -O2
  Obj-C compiler:         

  Interfaces supported:      X11, tcltk
  External libraries:        readline, curl
  Additional capabilities:   PNG, JPEG, NLS, cairo, ICU
  Options enabled:           shared R library, shared BLAS, R profiling

  Capabilities skipped:      TIFF
  Options not enabled:       memory profiling
  Recommended packages:      yes

but when I call

make && make install

still "make" could not make it until the end:

...
  gcc -std=gnu99 -Wl,--export-dynamic -fopenmp  -L../../lib -L//HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/lib -L//HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6/lib -L//HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/lib -L//HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/lib -L//HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1/lib -o R.bin Rmain.o  -lR -lRblas
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libpcre.so.1, needed by ../../lib/libR.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: warning: liblzma.so.5, needed by ../../lib/libR.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_fullinfo'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_lzma_preset@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_alone_decoder@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_crc64@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_raw_encoder@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_config'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_code@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_stream_decoder@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_free'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_raw_decoder@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_exec'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_version_string@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_maketables'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_stream_encoder@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_compile'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_study'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_version'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_end@XZ_5.0'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

...
make: *** [R] Error 1 

Follow up:
Based on thrig 's suggestion, I added the lines below to my .cshrc file

setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/lib
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/lib

and

source .cshrc 

problem solved!
Best Answer

This is the solution to the issue mentioned above

Follow the example to modify the configure file of R Then:

tar xvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.11
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11
make && make install

tar zxvf bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.6
make -f Makefile-libbz2_so
make clean

modify the Makefile (original: CC=gcc after modification: CC=gcc -fPIC) as suggested here

make 
make install PREFIX=$HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6

tar zxvf xz-5.2.3.tar.gz
cd xz-5.2.3
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3
make -j3
make install

tar zxvf pcre-8.40.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.40
./configure  --prefix=$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40  --enable-utf8
make -j3 && make install

tar zxvf curl-7.52.1.tar.gz
cd curl-7.52.1
./configure  --prefix=$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1 --with-ssl
make && make install

./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/R-3.3.1 --enable-R-shlib LDFLAGS="-L/$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/include -I/$HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6/include -I/$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/include -I/$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/include -I/$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1/include"

Add the lines below to my .cshrc file

setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/lib
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/lib

and

source .cshrc 

Now go to R-3.3.1 directory:

make && make install 

it should work.
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...经过一些修改，我最终的实际代码是：

./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/R-4.1.1 --enable-R-shlib --with-readline=no LDFLAGS="-L/$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.4/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/include -I/$HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6/include -I/$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.4/include -I/$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/include -I/$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1/include" --with-x=no --with-pcre1 

但是，我无法修改 .cshrc 文件，因为我猜它是一个公共服务器，并且我无法修改 LD_LIBRARY_PATH。 我仍然收到此错误：

/usr/bin/ld：警告：libpcre.so.1，../../lib/libR.so 需要，未找到（尝试使用 -rpath 或 -rpath-link） /usr/bin/ld：警告：liblzma.so.5，../../lib/libR.so 需要，未找到（尝试使用 -rpath 或 -rpath-link）

有什么建议可以让编译器在不编辑 .cshrc 文件的情况下识别这些依赖关系？

Answer 1

对于 99% 的用例，根本不需要编译任何东西。统计工作流程应该是可重现的并且具有系统级别的依赖关系（在您的情况下是 curl 和 libz）。然后我们可以使用 docker 作为包管理器并创建一个全新的预编译 R 容器：

使用内容创建一个名为Dockerfile 的文件

FROM rocker/r-ver:4.1.1
RUN apt update && \
    apt install -y \
    zlib1g-dev curl libpcre3-dev liblzma-dev

然后在您的 shell 中转到包含 Dockerfile 的目录并运行以下命令：

docker build --tag my-r .
docker run -it --network host -v $HOME:/home/rstudio my-r