Powershell - 从多个 Cmdlet 导出输出

Question

当数据来自多个 cmdlet 时，我曾多次在导出数据时遇到问题。

例如：我正在尝试使用 WMI 导出打印机列表和其他相关信息，但提取所有信息需要两个 cmdlet：

Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Printer `
        -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $cred

还有……

Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PrinterConfiguration `
        -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $cred

我创建了一个对象来将数据导入以便可以导出：

$CSVData = New-Object PSObject
$CSVData | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Name" -Value ""
$CSVData | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "DriverName" -Value ""
$CSVData | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Location" -Value ""
$CSVData | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "PrintProcessor" -Value ""
$CSVData | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "PortName" -Value ""
$CSVData | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Duplex" -Value ""
$CSVData | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Color" -Value ""
$CSVData | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "PrintQuality" -Value ""

$CSVData.Name = @()
$CSVData.DriverName = @()
$CSVData.Location = @()
$CSVData.PrintProcessor = @()
$CSVData.PortName = @()
$CSVData.Duplex = @()
$CSVData.Color = @()
$CSVData.PrintQuality = @()

我试着把它排成这样：

    $PrinterConfig = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PrinterConfiguration `
        -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $cred |
            Select-Object Duplex,
                          Color,
                          PrintQuality

    $CSVData.Duplex += $PrinterConfig.Duplex
    $CSVData.Color += $PrinterConfig.Color
    $CSVData.PrintQuality += $PrinterConfig.PrintQuality

而且，像这样：

        $PrinterInfo = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Printer `
        -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $cred | 
            Select-Object Name,
                          DriverName,
                          Location,
                          PrintProcessor,
                          PortName |
                ForEach-Object {
                    $CSVData.Name += $_.Name
                    $CSVData.DriverName += $_.DriverName
                    $CSVData.Location += $_.Location
                    $CSVData.PrintProcessor += $_.PrintProcessor
                    $CSVData.PortName += $_.PortName
                }

然后我像这样导出：

$CSVData | Export-Csv -Path c:\temp\printers.csv $OutDir

问题是实际上没有导出任何有用的数据，我不确定如何正确组合这两个 cmdlet 的输出。

很可能有一种更优雅的方式来做到这一点......

请帮忙！

Answer 1

首先，您可能希望以稍微不同的方式进行查询。这种方式只会返回你真正关心的数据（也快一点）：

$printers = Get-WmiObject -Query "Select Name,DriverName,Location,PrintProcessor,PortName from Win32_Printer" -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $cred
$printerCfgs = Get-WmiObject -Query "select Name,Duplex,Color,PrintQuality from Win32_PrinterConfiguration" -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $cred

现在你有两个数组，你必须找到一些方法来连接来自类的数据（有很多方法，大多数比这个例子更复杂）。您需要遍历每个打印机对象并找到相关的打印机配置对象。两个数组都有“名称”属性：

    foreach ( $printer in $printers ) {
        $printerCfg = $printerCfgs | where { $_.Name -eq $printer.Name }

这样您就可以为每个打印机和打印机配置对象创建一个对象。

        $printerInfo = New-Object PSObject -Property @{
            ComputerName = $ComputerName
            Name = $printer.Name
            DriverName = $printer.DriverName
            Location = $printer.Location
            PrintProcessor = $printer.PrintProcessor
            PortName = $printer.PortName
            Duplex = $printerCfg.Duplex
            Color = $printerCfg.Color
            PrintQuality = $printerCfg.PrintQuality
        }

接下来您要以正确的顺序返回数据，以便您的 csv 可读（选择后的 } 关闭了上面的 foreach 循环，您将需要它；））：

    $printerInfo | Select ComputerName,Name,DriverName,Location,PrintProcessor,PortName,Duplex,Color,PrintQuality
}

最后，您可能希望从不止一台计算机上获取此信息，并且您希望将其全部保存在一个 csv 文件中。有几种方法，您可以使用上面的代码并将其放入 ps1 文件中，或者您可以创建一个函数，将计算机名称作为参数和单个 cred 对象，这样您就不必每次都重新验证WMI 查询。我自己更喜欢函数，我将它们放在我的 ps 配置文件中（更容易跟踪 IMO）：

function get-printerinfo {
param ( $ComputerName, $cred = (Get-Credential) )
    $printers = Get-WmiObject -Query "Select Name,DriverName,Location,PrintProcessor,PortName from Win32_Printer" -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $cred
    $printerCfgs = Get-WmiObject -Query "select Name,Duplex,Color,PrintQuality from Win32_PrinterConfiguration" -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $cred
    foreach ( $printer in $printers ) {
        $printerCfg = $printerCfgs | where { $_.Name -eq $printer.Name }
        $printerInfo = New-Object PSObject -Property @{
            ComputerName = $ComputerName
            Name = $printer.Name
            DriverName = $printer.DriverName
            Location = $printer.Location
            PrintProcessor = $printer.PrintProcessor
            PortName = $printer.PortName
            Duplex = $printerCfg.Duplex
            Color = $printerCfg.Color
            PrintQuality = $printerCfg.PrintQuality
        }
        $printerInfo | Select ComputerName,Name,DriverName,Location,PrintProcessor,PortName,Duplex,Color,PrintQuality
    }
}

对单台电脑使用此功能

get-printerinfo myComputer

提示我输入用户/密码，然后返回如下内容：

ComputerName   : myComputer
Name           : Microsoft XPS Document Writer
DriverName     : Microsoft XPS Document Writer
Location       :
PrintProcessor : winprint
PortName       : XPSPort:
Duplex         : False
Color          : 2
PrintQuality   : 600

要对当前工作目录中名为 list.txt 的文件中的计算机列表使用它：

$cred = Get-Credential
cat .\list.txt | %{ get-printerinfo -ComputerName $_ -cred $cred }  

使用 list.txt 并将输出放在 csv 中：

$cred = Get-Credential
cat .\list.txt | %{ get-printerinfo -ComputerName $_ -cred $cred } | Export-Csv .\myPrinterData.csv -NoTypeInformation

更新（新脚本）：

Function Get-Printers {

[CmdletBinding()]
Param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$true,ValueFromPipeline=$true,ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$true)][String[]]$ComputerName,
    [Parameter()][string]$OutputDir = 'C:\Temp'
)

Begin { 
    $Cred = Get-Credential 
    $OutputFile = Join-Path $OutputDir "BCMPrinterAudit - $(Get-Date -Format yyyy-MM-dd--HH-mm-ss).csv"
}

Process {
    Foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName) {

        $Printers = Get-WmiObject -Query "Select Name,DriverName,Location,PrintProcessor,PortName from Win32_Printer" `
            -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $Cred
        $PrinterCfgs = Get-WmiObject -Query "select Name,Duplex,Color,PrintQuality from Win32_PrinterConfiguration" `
            -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $Cred

        Foreach ( $Printer in $Printers ) {
            $PrinterCfg = $PrinterCfgs | Where { $_.Name -eq $Printer.Name }
            $PrinterInfo = New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                ComputerName = $Computer
                Name = $Printer.Name
                DriverName = $Printer.DriverName
                Location = $Printer.Location
                PrintProcessor = $Printer.PrintProcessor
                PortName = $Printer.PortName
                Duplex = $PrinterCfg.Duplex
                Color = $PrinterCfg.Color
                PrintQuality = $PrinterCfg.PrintQuality
            }
        }
    }
}

End {

    Write-Output $PrinterInfo     

    }
}