使用邮递员发布请求后，spring boot 服务器返回错误 400

Question

每当我尝试通过邮递员发送此邮件时：

{
    "date": "2021-11-05 12:32:32",
    "start": "start",
    "destination": "destination",
    "provider": "provider",
    "driver":1,
    "vehicule":1
}

我收到错误 400，错误请求，我同时使用了 @restController 和 @requestBody 注释，同时还将内容类型设置为 json。

我在调试器上收到此错误：

2021-11-09 16:57:52.086  WARN 11748 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] .w.s.m.s.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolved [org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException: JSON parse error: Cannot deserialize value of type `java.util.Date` from String "2021-11-06 12:32:32.0": not a valid representation (error: Failed to parse Date value '2021-11-06 12:32:32.0': Cannot parse date "2021-11-06 12:32:32.0": while it seems to fit format 'yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSX', parsing fails (leniency? null)); nested exception is com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.InvalidFormatException: Cannot deserialize value of type `java.util.Date` from String "2021-11-06 12:32:32.0": not a valid representation (error: Failed to parse Date value '2021-11-06 12:32:32.0': Cannot parse date "2021-11-06 12:32:32.0": while it seems to fit format 'yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSX', parsing fails (leniency? null))
 at [Source: (PushbackInputStream); line: 3, column: 17] (through reference chain: com.siam.HRAssistTool.Entity.Schedule["date"])]

我不明白我应该如何解决我认为与日期格式相关的问题

当我从 json 正文中删除时间并只留下日期时，我收到此错误：

2021-11-09 17:34:55.418  WARN 11748 --- [nio-8080-exec-4] .w.s.m.s.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolved [org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException: JSON parse error: Cannot construct instance of `com.siam.HRAssistTool.Entity.Vehicule` (although at least one Creator exists): no int/Int-argument constructor/factory method to deserialize from Number value (1); nested exception is com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.MismatchedInputException: Cannot construct instance of `com.siam.HRAssistTool.Entity.Vehicule` (although at least one Creator exists): no int/Int-argument constructor/factory method to deserialize from Number value (1)
 at [Source: (PushbackInputStream); line: 8, column: 20] (through reference chain: com.siam.HRAssistTool.Entity.Schedule["vehicule"])]

我的日程安排实体：

@Entity
public class Schedule implements Serializable {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id ; 
    private Date date ; 
    private String Start; 
    private String destination;
    @OneToOne( fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    private Staff driver; 
    @OneToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    private Vehicule vehicule; 
    private String provider;
    //constructors, getters and setters 
}

我的控制器：

@RestController
public class ScheduleController {

    @Autowired
    ScheduleService scheduleService; 

    @PostMapping(value="/schedule/create")
    public @ResponseBody String createSchedule( @RequestBody Schedule schedule) {
        System.out.println(schedule.toString());

        return scheduleService.addSchedule(schedule);
        
    }
//other crud operation
}

Answer 1

首先，将Date 替换为LocalDate，这是新Java Time API 的一部分。有了这个，您可以配置 Jackson 以轻松处理这种复杂类型的序列化和反序列化。添加以下依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-datatype-jsr310</artifactId>
    <version>2.11.0</version>
</dependency>

然后相应地配置 Jackson：

@Configuration
public class JacksonConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public ObjectMapper objectMapper() {
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        JavaTimeModule javaTimeModule = new JavaTimeModule();
        objectMapper.registerModule(javaTimeModule);

    objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);

        return objectMapper;
    }
}

那么，请避免在您的Controller 中使用实体作为响应或请求类型。相反，请使用 DTO，它是您的核心模型实体的特定表示。

public class ScheduleCreationDto {
    private LocalDate date; 
    private String Start; 
    private String destination;
    private Long driverId;      // I am guessing the ID is a Long
    private Long vehiculeId;    // I am guessing the ID is a Long
    private String provider;
    
    //constructors, getters and setters 
}

现在应该将其用作请求正文：

@RestController
public class ScheduleController {

    @Autowired
    ScheduleService scheduleService; 

    @PostMapping(value="/schedule/create")
    public @ResponseBody String createSchedule(@RequestBody ScheduleCreationDto scheduleCreationDto) {
        return scheduleService.addSchedule(schedule);
    }
    
    //other crud operation
}

您还需要更改ScheduleService，以便它基于ScheduleCreationDto 创建一个Schedule。大多数属性需要简单的映射，但其他属性（driverId 和vehiculeId）需要您使用提供的 ID 从数据库中实际获取这些实体。应该在您的ScheduleService 中完成类似以下的操作：

@Service
public class ScheduleService {

    @Autowired
    ScheduleRepository scheduleRepository; 

    @Autowired
    DriverRepository driverRepository; 

    @Autowired
    VehiculeRepository vehiculeRepository; 

    public String addSchedule(ScheduleCreationDto scheduleCreationDto) {
        Optional<Driver> driver = driverRepository.findById(scheduleCreationDto.getDriverId());
        Optional<Vehicule> vehicule = vehiculeRepository.findById(scheduleCreationDto.getVehiculeId());

        if (driver.isPresent() && vehicule.isPresent()) {
            Schedule schedule = new Schedule(scheduleCreationDto.getDate(), scheduleCreationDto.getStart(), 
                scheduleCreationDto.getDestination(), driver.get(), vehicule.get(), scheduleCreationDto.getProvider());
            scheduleRepository.save(schedule);    
        }
    
        return // whatever String you want to return, you should actually return the created Schedule, but that is a different topic
    }

    //other crud operation
}