如何使用 apache Tika 将 xml 文件转换为 HashMap

Question

在我的情况下，我能够读取 xml 文件并对其进行解析以获取内容，因为元数据仅提供“应用程序/xml”的文件类型

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.tika.exception.TikaException;
import org.apache.tika.metadata.Metadata;
import org.apache.tika.parser.ParseContext;
import org.apache.tika.parser.xml.XMLParser;
import org.apache.tika.sax.BodyContentHandler;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;  
public class XmlParserExample {   
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, SAXException, TikaException {  
         BodyContentHandler handler   = new BodyContentHandler();  
         XMLParser parser             = new XMLParser();  
         Metadata metadata            = new Metadata();  
         ParseContext pcontext        = new ParseContext();  
         FileInputStream inputstream = new FileInputStream(new File("example.xml"));
         parser.parse(inputstream, handler, metadata, pcontext);
         System.out.println("Contents of the document:" + handler.toString());
         System.out.println("Metadata of the document:");
         String[] metadataNames = metadata.names();

         for(String name : metadataNames) {
            System.out.println(name + ": " + metadata.get(name));
         }
    }  
} 

上面的 sn-p 代码打印整个 xml 内容和内容类型（作为元数据）。但我也想获取 xml 标签，以便我可以创建一个 HashMap，这在我的情况下是必需的。 下面是我的 Dummy example.xml：-

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE PubmedArticleSet SYSTEM "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/ncbi/pubmed/out/pubmed_190101.dtd">
<PubmedArticleSet>
  <PubmedArticle>
    <MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
      <PMID Version="1">27483086</PMID>
      <DateCompleted>
        <Year>2018</Year>
        <Month>05</Month>
        <Day>02</Day>
      </DateCompleted>
      <DateRevised>
        <Year>2018</Year>
        <Month>05</Month>
        <Day>02</Day>
      </DateRevised>
      <Article PubModel="Print-Electronic">
        <Journal>
          <ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1532-849X</ISSN>
          <JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
            <Volume>26</Volume>
            <Issue>4</Issue>
            <PubDate>
              <Year>2017</Year>
              <Month>Jun</Month>
            </PubDate>
          </JournalIssue>
          <Title>Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists</Title>
          <ISOAbbreviation>J Prosthodont</ISOAbbreviation>
        </Journal>
        <ArticleTitle>The Use of CADCAM Technology for Fabricating Cast Gold Survey Crowns under Existing Partial Removable Dental Prosthesis. A Clinical Report.</ArticleTitle>
        <Pagination>
          <MedlinePgn>321-326</MedlinePgn>
        </Pagination>
        <ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111jopr.12525</ELocationID>
        <Abstract>
          <AbstractText>The fabrication of a survey crown under an existing partial removable dental prosthesis (PRDP) has always been a challenge to many dental practitioners. This clinical report presents a technique for fabricating accurate cast gold survey crowns to fit existing PRDPs using CAD/CAM technology. The report describes a technique that would digitally scan the coronal anatomy of a cast gold survey crown and an abutment tooth under existing PRDPs planned for restoration, prior to any preparation. The information is stored in the digital software where all the coronal anatomical details are preserved without any modifications. The scanned designs are then applied to the scanned teeth preparations, sent to the milling machine and milled into full-contour clear acrylic resin burn-out patterns. The acrylic resin patterns are tried in the patient's mouth the same day to verify the full seating of the PRDP components. The patterns are then invested and cast into gold crowns and cemented in the conventional manner.</AbstractText>
          <CopyrightInformation>© 2016 by the American College of Prosthodontists.</CopyrightInformation>
        </Abstract>
        <AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
          <Author ValidYN="Y">
            <LastName>El Kerdani</LastName>
            <ForeName>Tarek</ForeName>
            <Initials>T</Initials>
            <AffiliationInfo>
              <Affiliation>Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL.</Affiliation>
            </AffiliationInfo>
          </Author>
          <Author ValidYN="Y">
            <LastName>Roushdy</LastName>
            <ForeName>Sally</ForeName>
            <Initials>S</Initials>
            <AffiliationInfo>
              <Affiliation>Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL.</Affiliation>
            </AffiliationInfo>
          </Author>
        </AuthorList>
        <Language>eng</Language>
        <PublicationTypeList>
          <PublicationType UI="D002363">Case Reports</PublicationType>
          <PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
        </PublicationTypeList>
        <ArticleDate DateType="Electronic">
          <Year>2016</Year>
          <Month>08</Month>
          <Day>02</Day>
        </ArticleDate>
      </Article>
      <MedlineJournalInfo>
        <Country>United States</Country>
        <MedlineTA>J Prosthodont</MedlineTA>
        <NlmUniqueID>9301275</NlmUniqueID>
        <ISSNLinking>1059-941X</ISSNLinking>
      </MedlineJournalInfo>
      <ChemicalList>
        <Chemical>
          <RegistryNumber>7440-57-5</RegistryNumber>
          <NameOfSubstance UI="D006046">Gold</NameOfSubstance>
        </Chemical>
      </ChemicalList>
      <CitationSubset>D</CitationSubset>
      <MeshHeadingList>
        <MeshHeading>
          <DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName>
        </MeshHeading>
        <MeshHeading>
          <DescriptorName UI="D017076" MajorTopicYN="Y">Computer-Aided Design</DescriptorName>
        </MeshHeading>
        <MeshHeading>
          <DescriptorName UI="D003442" MajorTopicYN="Y">Crowns</DescriptorName>
        </MeshHeading>
        <MeshHeading>
          <DescriptorName UI="D000044" MajorTopicYN="N">Dental Abutments</DescriptorName>
        </MeshHeading>
        <MeshHeading>
          <DescriptorName UI="D017267" MajorTopicYN="Y">Dental Prosthesis Design</DescriptorName>
        </MeshHeading>
        <MeshHeading>
          <DescriptorName UI="D003832" MajorTopicYN="Y">Denture, Partial, Removable</DescriptorName>
        </MeshHeading>
        <MeshHeading>
          <DescriptorName UI="D006046" MajorTopicYN="N">Gold</DescriptorName>
        </MeshHeading>
        <MeshHeading>
          <DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
        </MeshHeading>
        <MeshHeading>
          <DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
        </MeshHeading>
      </MeshHeadingList>
      <KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM">
        <Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">CADM</Keyword>
        <Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cast gold</Keyword>
        <Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">milled acrylic resin patterns</Keyword>
      </KeywordList>
    </MedlineCitation>
    <PubmedData>
      <History>
        <PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted">
          <Year>2016</Year>
          <Month>06</Month>
          <Day>13</Day>
        </PubMedPubDate>
        <PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed">
          <Year>2016</Year>
          <Month>8</Month>
          <Day>3</Day>
          <Hour>6</Hour>
          <Minute>0</Minute>
        </PubMedPubDate>
        <PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline">
          <Year>2018</Year>
          <Month>5</Month>
          <Day>3</Day>
          <Hour>6</Hour>
          <Minute>0</Minute>
        </PubMedPubDate>
        <PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez">
          <Year>2016</Year>
          <Month>8</Month>
          <Day>3</Day>
          <Hour>6</Hour>
          <Minute>0</Minute>
        </PubMedPubDate>
      </History>
      <PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
      <ArticleIdList>
        <ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27483086</ArticleId>
        <ArticleId IdType="doi">10.111pr.12525</ArticleId>
      </ArticleIdList>
    </PubmedData>
  </PubmedArticle>
  <PubmedArticle>
    <MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
      <PMID Version="1">27483087</PMID>
      <DateCompleted>
        <Year>2018</Year>
        <Month>08</Month>
        <Day>07</Day>
      </DateCompleted>
      <DateRevised>
        <Year>2018</Year>
        <Month>08</Month>
        <Day>07</Day>
      </DateRevised>
      <Article PubModel="Print-Electronic">
        <Journal>
          <ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2326-5205</ISSN>
          <JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
            <Volume>68</Volume>
            <Issue>11</Issue>
            <PubDate>
              <Year>2016</Year>
              <Month>11</Month>
            </PubDate>
          </JournalIssue>
          <Title>Arthritis &amp; rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)</Title>
        </Journal>
        <ArticleTitle>Reply.</ArticleTitle>
        <Pagination>
          <MedlinePgn>2826-2827</MedlinePgn>
        </Pagination>
        <ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10t.39831</ELocationID>
        <AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
          <Author ValidYN="Y">
            <LastName>Hitchon</LastName>
            <ForeName>Carol Ann</ForeName>
            <Initials>CA</Initials>
            <AffiliationInfo>
              <Affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.</Affiliation>
            </AffiliationInfo>
          </Author>
          <Author ValidYN="Y">
            <LastName>Koppejan</LastName>
            <ForeName>Hester</ForeName>
            <Initials>H</Initials>
            <AffiliationInfo>
              <Affiliation>Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
            </AffiliationInfo>
          </Author>
          <Author ValidYN="Y">
            <LastName>Trouw</LastName>
            <ForeName>Leendert A</ForeName>
            <Initials>LA</Initials>
            <AffiliationInfo>
              <Affiliation>Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
            </AffiliationInfo>
          </Author>
          <Author ValidYN="Y">
            <LastName>Huizinga</LastName>
            <ForeName>Tom J W</ForeName>
            <Initials>TJ</Initials>
            <AffiliationInfo>
              <Affiliation>Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
            </AffiliationInfo>
          </Author>
          <Author ValidYN="Y">
            <LastName>Toes</LastName>
            <ForeName>René E M</ForeName>
            <Initials>RE</Initials>
            <AffiliationInfo>
              <Affiliation>Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
            </AffiliationInfo>
          </Author>
          <Author ValidYN="Y">
            <LastName>El-Gabalawy</LastName>
            <ForeName>Hani S</ForeName>
            <Initials>HS</Initials>
            <AffiliationInfo>
              <Affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.</Affiliation>
            </AffiliationInfo>
          </Author>
        </AuthorList>
        <Language>eng</Language>
        <GrantList CompleteYN="Y">
          <Grant>
            <GrantID>MOP‐77700</GrantID>
            <Agency>CIHR</Agency>
            <Country>Canada</Country>
          </Grant>
        </GrantList>
        <PublicationTypeList>
          <PublicationType UI="D016422">Letter</PublicationType>
          <PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Sup</PublicationType>
          <PublicationType UI="D016420">Comment</PublicationType>
        </PublicationTypeList>
        <ArticleDate DateType="Electronic">
          <Year>2016</Year>
          <Month>10</Month>
          <Day>09</Day>
        </ArticleDate>
      </Article>
      <MedlineJournalInfo>
        <Country>United States</Country>
        <MedlineTA>Arthritis Rheumatol</MedlineTA>
        <NlmUniqueID>101623795</NlmUniqueID>
        <ISSNLinking>2326-5191</ISSNLinking>
      </MedlineJournalInfo>
      <CommentsCorrectionsList>
        <CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentOn">
          <RefSource>dff</RefSource>
          <PMID Version="1">27483211</PMID>
        </CommentsCorrections>
        <CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentOn">
          <RefSource>Arthritis Rheumato</RefSource>
          <PMID Version="1">26946484</PMID>
        </CommentsCorrections>
      </CommentsCorrectionsList>
    </MedlineCitation>
    <PubmedData>
      <History>
        <PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received">
          <Year>2016</Year>
          <Month>07</Month>
          <Day>26</Day>
        </PubMedPubDate>
        <PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted">
          <Year>2016</Year>
          <Month>07</Month>
          <Day>28</Day>
        </PubMedPubDate>
        <PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed">
          <Year>2016</Year>
          <Month>10</Month>
          <Day>28</Day>
          <Hour>6</Hour>
          <Minute>0</Minute>
        </PubMedPubDate>
        <PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline">
          <Year>2016</Year>
          <Month>10</Month>
          <Day>28</Day>
          <Hour>6</Hour>
          <Minute>1</Minute>
        </PubMedPubDate>
        <PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez">
          <Year>2016</Year>
          <Month>8</Month>
          <Day>3</Day>
          <Hour>6</Hour>
          <Minute>0</Minute>
        </PubMedPubDate>
      </History>
      <PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
      <ArticleIdList>
        <ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27483087</ArticleId>
        <ArticleId IdType="doi">efre</ArticleId>
      </ArticleIdList>
    </PubmedData>
  </PubmedArticle>
</PubmedArticleSet>

请帮我解决这个问题。 谢谢

Answer 1

我的建议：如果你想读取一个 XML 文件，然后解析它的内容，你最好使用专门构建的 XML 解析器，而不是 Tika。

有多种选择 - 每个都有自己的优缺点（例如速度、内存消耗）。

这是一种方法 - 它将整个文件读入内存，但您已经使用 Tika 方法做到了这一点，所以我认为文件大小不是问题。

代码假定有一个名为 pubmed.xml 的文件，其中包含问题中提供的 XML。

它从文件中读取 XML，并将每个元素作为一个 DOM 节点处理。

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import java.io.File;

...

public void parseUsingDom() {
    try {

        File xmlFile = new File("C:/tmp/pubmed.xml");
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        DocumentBuilder dBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
        Document doc = dBuilder.parse(xmlFile);
        doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();

        NodeList articles = doc.getElementsByTagName("Article");
        for (int i = 0; i < articles.getLength(); i++) {
            Node article = articles.item(i);
            if (article.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
                Element articleElement = (Element) article;

                String title = articleElement
                        .getElementsByTagName("ArticleTitle")
                        .item(0).getTextContent();
                System.out.println("");
                System.out.println("Title  : " + title);

                NodeList authors = articleElement.getElementsByTagName("Author");
                for (int j = 0; j < authors.getLength(); j++) {
                    Node author = authors.item(j);
                    if (author.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
                        Element authorElement = (Element) author;

                        String foreName = authorElement
                                .getElementsByTagName("ForeName")
                                .item(0).getTextContent();
                        String lastName = authorElement
                                .getElementsByTagName("LastName")
                                .item(0).getTextContent();
                        System.out.println("Author : " + lastName + ", " + foreName);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.err.print(e);
    }
}

程序打印以下输出，作为可能的演示：

Title  : The Use of CADCAM Technology for Fabricating Cast Gold Survey Crowns under Existing Partial Removable Dental Prosthesis. A Clinical Report.
Author : El Kerdani, Tarek
Author : Roushdy, Sally

Title  : Reply.
Author : Hitchon, Carol Ann
Author : Koppejan, Hester
Author : Trouw, Leendert A
Author : Huizinga, Tom J W
Author : Toes, René E M
Author : El-Gabalawy, Hani S

当然，在您的情况下，您会在哈希图中捕获相关值。