无法针对 REST 层运行单元测试

Question

我无法使用 jhipster (according to spring gs guides) 对 Web 层进行单元测试：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest
public class FlightControllerTest {


    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @MockBean
    private FlightService flightService;

    @Test
    public void testCreate() throws Exception {

        FlightDto expected = new FlightDto();
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(expected, "id", 1L);

        when(flightService.createFlight(any(FlightDto.class))).thenReturn(expected);

        FlightDto flightDto = new FlightDto();
        flightDto.setNumber("CAI-123400");

        this.mockMvc.perform(post("/api/flight")
                .contentType(TestUtil.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
                .content(TestUtil.convertObjectToJsonBytes(flightDto)))
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(status().isCreated())
                .andExpect(header().string("Location", endsWith("/api/flight/1")));
    }

}

上面的单元测试在绿地spring boot project的情况下成功，但在green-field spring boot-based jhipster project的情况下失败：

当我在 FlightResource 的 jhispter 项目 (springboot-with-jhipster) 中运行单元测试时，我得到了：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) with your test

    at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:70)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.getOrFindConfigurationClasses(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:202)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.processMergedContextConfiguration(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:137)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTestContextBootstrapper.processMergedContextConfiguration(WebMvcTestContextBootstrapper.java:35)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:409)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildDefaultMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:323)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:277)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildTestContext(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:112)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.buildTestContext(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:82)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:120)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:105)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTestContextManager(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:152)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:143)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner.<init>(SpringRunner.java:49)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104)
    at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86)
    at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
    at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
    at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
    at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:33)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:49)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)

Answer 1

我可以使用以下代码运行测试：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

//@WebMvcTest remove @WebMvcTest
//add SpringBootTest
@SpringBootTest(classes = JhUnittestRestApp.class)
public class FlightResourceTest {

    //@Autowired remove anotation
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @MockBean
    private FlightService flightService;

    @Autowired
    private MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter jacksonMessageConverter;

    @Autowired
    private PageableHandlerMethodArgumentResolver pageableArgumentResolver;

    @Autowired
    private ExceptionTranslator exceptionTranslator;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        //initialize the bean
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        final FlightResource flightResource = new FlightResource(flightService);
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(flightResource)
            .setCustomArgumentResolvers(pageableArgumentResolver)
            .setControllerAdvice(exceptionTranslator)
            .setConversionService(createFormattingConversionService())
            .setMessageConverters(jacksonMessageConverter).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreate() throws Exception {

        FlightDTO expected = new FlightDTO();
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(expected, "id", 1L);

        when(flightService.save(any(FlightDTO.class))).thenReturn(expected);

        FlightDTO flightDto = new FlightDTO();
        flightDto.setNumber("CAI-123400");
        //update the url to /api/flights so that the test can pass 
        this.mockMvc.perform(post("/api/flights")
            .contentType(TestUtil.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
            .content(TestUtil.convertObjectToJsonBytes(flightDto)))
            .andDo(print())
            .andExpect(status().isCreated())
            .andExpect(header().string("Location", endsWith("/api/flights/1")));
    }

}

您的 FlightControllerTest 正在您的 springboot-no-jhipster 项目中工作，因为 project is annotated with @SpringBoot 的主类根据 documentation of @SpringBoot

The @SpringBootApplication annotation is equivalent to using:
@Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration and @ComponentScan with their default attributes

由于 JHipster 需要比默认配置更多的配置，因此 JHipster 没有像 see in your project 那样使用 @SpringBootApplication。这完全没问题，可以正常工作。

另一方面，您的测试的错误消息是说它无法检测到@SpringBootConfiguration。还有其他注释，例如@ContextConfiguration 或 @SpringBootTest 是用于测试的 rocomandet。实际上，主配置类中的哪些注释与测试注释匹配存在一些不一致之处，请参见here 或here。