无法加载 ApplicationContext（带注释）

Question

这是我的测试课。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = AppConfig.class, loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
public class UserServiceImplIT {

    @Autowired
    private SampleService sampleService; 

    @BeforeClass
    public static void setUp() {
        System.out.println("-----> SETUP <-----");
    }

    @Test
    public void testSampleService() {
        assertTrue(true);
    }
}      

异常（许多异常，主要： Failed to load ApplicationContext,
Error creating bean with name 'defaultServletHandlerMapping'.
Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping]: Factory method 'defaultServletHandlerMapping' threw exception;,
A ServletContext is required to configure default servlet handling )

java.lang.IllegalStateException: 无法加载 ApplicationContext 在 org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124) 在 org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83) 在 org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117) 在 org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83) 在 org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:228) 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:230) 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) 在 org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291) 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:249) 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89) 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) 在 org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26) 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:193) 在 org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) 在 com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:78) 在 com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:212) 在 com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:68) 在 sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 在 sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) 在 sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 在 java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:491) 在 com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:140) 原因：org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException：创建类org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration中定义的名称为“defaultServletHandlerMapping”的bean时出错：通过工厂方法实例化bean失败；嵌套异常是 org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException：无法实例化 [org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping]：工厂方法“defaultServletHandlerMapping”抛出异常；嵌套异常是 java.lang.IllegalArgumentException：需要 ServletContext 来配置默认 servlet 处理 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:599) 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1123) 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1018) 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:510) 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:482) 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)

AppConfig - 基本配置文件。

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("ru.moneymanager.web")
@EnableWebMvc
@EnableTransactionManagement
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:application.properties"})
@Import({SecurityConfig.class,})
public class AppConfig {

    @Bean
    public SampleService getSampleService() {
        return new SampleServiceImpl();
    }

    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver setupViewResolver() {
        InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/pages/");
        resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        resolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);

        return resolver;
    }

    @Autowired
    private Environment environment;

    @Bean
    public LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory() {
        LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();
        sessionFactory.setDataSource(dataSource());
        sessionFactory.setPackagesToScan(new String[]{"ru.moneymanager.web"});
        sessionFactory.setHibernateProperties(hibernateProperties());
        return sessionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(environment.getRequiredProperty("jdbc.driverClassName"));
        dataSource.setUrl(environment.getRequiredProperty("jdbc.url"));
        dataSource.setUsername(environment.getRequiredProperty("jdbc.username"));
        dataSource.setPassword(environment.getRequiredProperty("jdbc.password"));
        return dataSource;
    }

    private Properties hibernateProperties() {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put("hibernate.dialect", environment.getRequiredProperty("hibernate.dialect"));
        properties.put("hibernate.show_sql", environment.getRequiredProperty("hibernate.show_sql"));
        properties.put("hibernate.format_sql", environment.getRequiredProperty("hibernate.format_sql"));
        properties.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", environment.getRequiredProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto"));
        return properties;
    }

    @Bean
    @Autowired
    public HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager(SessionFactory s) {
        HibernateTransactionManager txManager = new HibernateTransactionManager();
        txManager.setSessionFactory(s);
        return txManager;
    }
}       

安全配置

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("ru.moneymanager.web")
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled=true)
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Autowired
    AuthenticationService authenticationService;
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        filter.setForceEncoding(true);
        // отключена защита csrf на время тестов
        http.csrf().disable().addFilterBefore(filter,CsrfFilter.class);
        http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/account/**").hasRole("USER")
            .antMatchers("/user/**").hasRole("ADMIN")
            .and().formLogin();
    }
    @Autowired
    public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.userDetailsService(authenticationService);
    }   
}       

其他配置文件config
这个项目在 git project
告诉我出了什么事？为什么会出错？

Answer 1

您的测试需要 ServletContext：添加 @WebIntegrationTest

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = AppConfig.class, loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
@WebIntegrationTest
public class UserServiceImplIT

...或在此处查找其他选项：https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/reference/html/testing.html

更新 在 Spring Boot 1.4.x 及更高版本中，@WebIntegrationTest 不再是首选。 @SpringBootTest 或 @WebMvcTest

Answer 2

就我而言，在使用 Junit5 运行时，我必须执行以下操作

@SpringBootTest(classes = {abc.class})
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class

这里 abc.class 是被测试的类

Answer 3

能够使用下面的注释解决相同的问题。所以在这种情况下，Spring 只使用目标类（Abc.class），而不是整个应用上下文。

@SpringBootTest(properties = "spring.main.lazy-initialization=true",
classes = {Abc.class})