如何在 Java Spring boot 中模拟 RestTemplate？

Question

我正在尝试使用以下代码模拟 RestTemplate getEntity() 方法，但我遇到了异常，我是单元测试的新手

谁能帮帮我，我的错误是什么

类

public List<SampleObject1> getGitHubUSersList(){

        try {
            ResponseEntity<SampleObject1[]>responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("https://api.github.com/users", SampleObject1[].class);
            List<SampleObject1>arrayList  = Arrays.asList(responseEntity.getBody());
            System.out.println("final list is---->"+objectMapperl.writeValueAsString(arrayList));
            return arrayList;
        }catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

测试类

public class SampleServiceTest1 {

    @Mock
    RestTemplate mockrestTemplate;

    @InjectMocks
    @Spy
    SampleService1 sampleService;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
public void getGitHubUSersListTest() {

    List<SampleObject1> sampleObject1s = new ArrayList<>();

    SampleObject1 sampoleObject1 = new SampleObject1();
    sampoleObject1.setId(1);
    sampoleObject1.setLogin("sample1");
    sampoleObject1.setNode_id("sample2");
    sampleObject1s.add(sampoleObject1);

    SampleObject1 sampoleObject2 = new SampleObject1();
    sampoleObject2.setId(2);
    sampoleObject2.setLogin("sample3");
    sampoleObject2.setNode_id("sample4");
    sampleObject1s.add(sampoleObject2);

    Mockito.doReturn(sampleObject1s).when(mockrestTemplate).getForEntity(Matchers.anyString(),  ArgumentMatchers.any(Class.class));

    List<SampleObject1> list = sampleService.getGitHubUSersList();

    assertNotNull(list);
}

}

错误

org.mockito.exceptions.misusing.NullInsteadOfMockException: 
Argument passed to when() is null!
Example of correct stubbing:
    doThrow(new RuntimeException()).when(mock).someMethod();
Also, if you use @Mock annotation don't miss initMocks()
    at com.example.microservice.service.SampleServiceTest1.getGitHubUSersListTest(SampleServiceTest1.java:50)

Answer 1

您的模拟设置错误getForEntity 不会返回List<SampleObject1>，因此您不能将其设置为返回您需要返回ResponseEntity<SampleObject1[]>。

所以来解决你的问题。声明一个新的 mock

@Mock
private ResponseEntity<SampleObject1[]> mockResponseEntity

doReturn(mockResponseEntity).when(mockrestTemplate).getForEntity(anyString(),  any(Class.class));
doReturn(new SampleObject1[]{sampoleObject1, sampoleObject2}).when(mockResponseEntity).getBody();

Answer 2

这应该可行。

我假设 restTemplate 响应是一个列表而不是一个数组。

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class SampleServiceTest {

    @InjectMocks
    private SampleService sampleService;

    @Mock
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Test
    public void name() {
        List<Pair> restResponseList = Arrays.asList(Pair.with("K1","V1"),Pair.with("K2","V2"));

        when(restTemplate.getForEntity(any(String.class), Matchers.<Class<List>>any()))
                .thenReturn(new ResponseEntity<>(
                        restResponseList,
                        new HttpHeaders(),
                        HttpStatus.OK));

        List<Pair> testResponse =sampleService.getGitHubUSersList();
        assertEquals(Pair.with("K1","V1"),testResponse.get(0));
        assertEquals(Pair.with("K2","V2"),testResponse.get(1));
    }
}

Answer 3

我发现上面的代码存在两个潜在问题，我认为需要修复这些问题才能使您的测试正常运行：

1. 您需要将@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class) 应用到您的类声明行（即public class SampleServiceTest1 {）。
2. 使用@InjectMocks和@Spy注解时，需要有一个实际的实例。因此，我会将您的行 SampleService1 sampleService; 更改为 SampleService1 sampleService = new SampleService1();

有关执行这两项操作的示例，请查看this helpful Baeldung article on Mockito annotations。