无法加载 ApplicationContext。无法创建集成测试

Question

我尝试为此 REST 控制器创建集成测试：

@RestController
@RequestMapping(path = {"/api/reports", "/api"})
public class DependencyReportController {

private final DependencyDifferenceService differenceService;

public DependencyReportController(DependencyDifferenceService differenceService) {
    this.differenceService = differenceService;
}

@GetMapping(path = {"/dependencies/difference", "/deps/diff"},
    produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
public ServiceDependenciesReport get() {
    return differenceService.getAllDiffs();
}


}

我的测试，我尝试检查状态：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(DependencyReportController.class)
public class DependencyReportControllerApiTest {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;

@MockBean
private DependencyDifferenceService differenceService;

@Test
public void test() throws Exception{
    ServiceDependenciesReport report = new ServiceDependenciesReport();
    report.setElapsed("elapsed");
    report.setSuccess(true);
    when(differenceService.getAllDiffs()).thenReturn(report);
    this.mockMvc.perform(get("/dependencies/difference")).andDo(print()).andExpect(status().isOk());
}



 }

而且它不起作用。完整的堆栈跟踪：

说明：

字段 monitoringProperties MonitoringApplication 需要一个 bean 键入找不到的“MonitoringProperties”。 注入点有以下注解： - @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)

 Action:
 Consider defining a bean of type 'MonitoringProperties' in your configuration.
 2020-01-20 12:40:28.884 ERROR 6388 --- [           main] o.s.test.context.TestContextManager      : Caught exception while 

允许 TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener@35e2d654] 准备测试实例 [DependencyReportControllerApiTest@44b940a2] java.lang.IllegalStateException：无法加载 ApplicationContext 在 org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:125) ~[spring-test-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108) ~[spring-test-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.postProcessFields(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:99) ~[spring-boot-test-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.injectFields(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:79) ~[spring-boot-test-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:54) ~[spring-boot-test-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246) ~[spring-test-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227) [spring-test-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) [spring-test-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291) [spring-test-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246) [spring-test-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97) [spring-test-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) [spring-test-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) [spring-test-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] 在 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190) [spring-test-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] 在 com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68) [junit-rt.jar:na] 在 com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47) [junit-rt.jar:na] 在 com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242) [junit-rt.jar:na] 在 com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70) [junit-rt.jar:na] 原因： org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException： 创建名为“monitoringApplication”的 bean 时出错：不满意 通过字段“monitoringProperties”表示的依赖关系；嵌套的 例外是 org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: 否 可用的“MonitoringProperties”类型的合格 bean：预计在 至少 1 个符合自动装配候选资格的 bean。依赖 注释： {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:596) ~[spring-beans-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:90) ~[spring-beans-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties（AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:374） ~[spring-beans-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1395) ~[spring-beans-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:592) ~[spring-beans-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:515) ~[spring-beans-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:320) ~[spring-beans-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) ~[spring-beans-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:318) ~[spring-beans-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199) ~[spring-beans-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:849) ~[spring-beans-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:877) ~[spring-context-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:549) ~[spring-context-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:775) ~[spring-boot-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:397) ~[spring-boot-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:316) ~[spring-boot-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:127) ~[spring-boot-test-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99) ~[spring-test-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE] 在 org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117) ~[spring-test-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE]*

我从不编写集成测试，也不明白我做错了什么？可能是什么问题？据我了解，我应该像这样添加 @ComponentScan 或 smth？

Answer 1

如果您想编写集成测试，请使用SpringBootTest

@SpringBootTest 注解会加载完整的 ApplicationContext

同时

@WebMvcTest 注解只会加载应用程序的控制器层。