无法使用属性文件中的 @Value("${database.name}") 获取值

Question

@Configuration
public class Config {

    @Value("${database.name}")
    private String dbname;

    public String dbname2;

    public Config(){
        dbname2 = dbname;
        System.out.println(" ::::: Got Data from properties file Successfully ::::: " + dbname2);
    }
}

@Service
public class MainService {

    @Autowired
    Config config;

    public String getPropertiesData(){

        String data = "Properties Data is " + config.dbname2;

        return data;
    }
}

application.properties 文件中的数据：

server.port=8081
database.name=azurecosmosDB

堆栈跟踪在启动应用程序时如下：

 .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.2.0.RELEASE)

2019-11-06 13:10:21.106  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : Starting DemoApplication on LP-5CD921DY4D with PID 13328 (C:\Users\BalajiChe\Desktop\STOMP\demo\target\classes started by BalajiChe in C:\Users\BalajiChe\Desktop\STOMP\demo)
2019-11-06 13:10:21.113  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2019-11-06 13:10:21.247  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] .e.DevToolsPropertyDefaultsPostProcessor : Devtools property defaults active! Set 'spring.devtools.add-properties' to 'false' to disable
2019-11-06 13:10:21.247  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] .e.DevToolsPropertyDefaultsPostProcessor : For additional web related logging consider setting the 'logging.level.web' property to 'DEBUG'
2019-11-06 13:10:27.732  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8081 (http)
2019-11-06 13:10:27.763  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2019-11-06 13:10:27.763  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.27]
2019-11-06 13:10:28.335  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2019-11-06 13:10:28.336  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 7089 ms
 ::::: Got Data from properties file Successfully ::::: null
2019-11-06 13:10:30.395  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.b.a.e.web.EndpointLinksResolver      : Exposing 2 endpoint(s) beneath base path '/actuator'
2019-11-06 13:10:31.212  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2019-11-06 13:10:31.382  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.b.d.a.OptionalLiveReloadServer       : LiveReload server is running on port 35729
2019-11-06 13:10:32.063  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] d.s.w.p.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper : Context refreshed
2019-11-06 13:10:32.128  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] d.s.w.p.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper : Found 1 custom documentation plugin(s)
2019-11-06 13:10:32.168  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] s.d.s.w.s.ApiListingReferenceScanner     : Scanning for api listing references
2019-11-06 13:10:32.523  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8081 (http) with context path ''
2019-11-06 13:10:32.529  INFO 13328 --- [  restartedMain] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : Started DemoApplication in 12.299 seconds (JVM running for 14.621)

另外， 从属性中成功获取数据到文件 ::::: null ---- 即将进入控制台。必须在启动应用程序时从属性文件中获取值。有没有办法获取价值？

Answer 1

先附注：

Spring boot只有放入才能自动读取application.properties

• src/main/resources
• src/main/resources/config文件夹

确保它确实在那里。

现在真正的问题是：

您正在尝试访问 构造函数中的属性，这不是 spring 的工作方式：

Spring 首先创建对象（通过调用其构造函数），然后才注入其字段。

所以你有两种方法：

选项 1：

为你的 bean 使用构造函数注入（我看到你使用 @Configuration，但这个建议更适合真正的 bean，只是在那里更有意义）：

@Component
class MyClass {

  public MyClass(@Value({"db.name"} String dbName) {
  ....
  }
}

选项 2：

不要在构造函数中检查，而是在 postconstruct 中检查，或者如果您正在谈论 @Bean 注释方法中的配置：

@Configuration
public class MyConfig {

     @Value("${db.name}")
     private String dbName;


     @Bean
     public SomeBean someBean() {
         // here dbName should be accessible
         return new SomeBean (dbName)
     }  

     // alternatively you can inject dbName like this:

     @Bean
     public SomeOtherBean someOtherBean(@Value("${db.name}") String dbName) {
         return new SomeOtherBean(dbName);
     }
}

Answer 2

这是因为Spring中的字段是在默认构造函数调用之后初始化的，所以你应该只在构造函数调用之后才访问它，试试这个：

 @PostConstruct
 public void postConstructorMethod(){
    dbname2 = dbname;
    System.out.println(" ::::: Got Data from properties file Successfully ::::: " + dbname2);
 }

Answer 3

正如@Mustahsan 所说，您无法访问注入到构造函数中的字段中的值，因为注入发生在构造之后。

但是，如果您想使用构造函数，那么您可以使用构造函数注入来代替字段注入，这通常被认为是更好的做法：

@Configuration
public class Config {
    public String dbname2;

    public Config(@Value("${database.name}") String dbname){
        dbname2 = dbname;
        System.out.println(" ::::: Got Data from properties file Successfully ::::: " + dbname2);
    }
}