Selenium 使用 Java - 驱动程序可执行文件的路径必须由 webdriver.gecko.driver 系统属性设置

Question

我正在尝试启动 Mozilla，但仍然收到此错误：

线程“main”中的异常 java.lang.IllegalStateException：驱动程序可执行文件的路径必须由 webdriver.gecko.driver 系统属性设置；有关详细信息，请参阅https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver。最新版本可以从https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases下载

我正在使用Selenium 3.0.01 Beta 版和Mozilla 45。我也试过Mozilla 47。但还是一样。

Answer 1

我在 windows 10 中使用 selenium-java-3.141.59 并用这段代码解决了我的问题：

System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "C:\\gecko\\geckodriver.exe");
System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.bin","C:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

Answer 2

在我的情况下，我必须在属性文件中设置路径，在许多小时内我找到了方法：

application.properties 文件：

webdriver.gecko.driver="/lib/geckodriver-v0.26.0-win64/geckodriver.exe"

在java代码中：

private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(Login.class.getName());
private FirefoxDriver driver;
private FirefoxProfile firefoxProfile;
private final String BASE_URL = "https://www.myweb.com/";
private static final String RESOURCE_NAME = "main/resources/application.properties"; // could also be a constant
private Properties properties;

public Login() {
    init();
}

private void init() {
    properties = new Properties();
    try(InputStream resourceStream = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(RESOURCE_NAME)) {
        properties.load(resourceStream);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        System.err.println("Could not open Config file");
        log.log(Level.SEVERE, "Could not open Config file", e);
    }
    // open incognito tab by default
    firefoxProfile = new FirefoxProfile();
    firefoxProfile.setPreference("browser.privatebrowsing.autostart", true);
    // geckodriver driver path to run
    String gekoDriverPath = properties.getProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver");
    log.log(Level.INFO, gekoDriverPath);
    System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", System.getProperty("user.dir") + gekoDriverPath);
    log.log(Level.INFO, System.getProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver"));
    System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", System.getProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver").replace("\"", ""));
    if (driver == null) {
        driver = new FirefoxDriver();
    }

}

Answer 3

selenium 中的每个 Driver 服务在创建驱动程序对象时都会调用类似的代码（以下是 firefox 特定的代码）

 @Override
 protected File findDefaultExecutable() {
      return findExecutable(
        "geckodriver", GECKO_DRIVER_EXE_PROPERTY,
        "https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver",
        "https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases");
    }

现在对于您要使用的驱动程序，您必须将系统属性设置为驱动程序可执行文件的路径值。

for firefox GECKO_DRIVER_EXE_PROPERTY = "webdriver.gecko.driver" 这可以在创建驱动程序对象之前设置，如下所示

System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "./libs/geckodriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

Answer 4

Selenium WebDriver Java 代码：

根据您的平台从https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases 下载 Gecko 驱动程序。将其提取到您选择的位置。编写如下代码：

System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "D:/geckodriver-v0.16.1-win64/geckodriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("https://www.lynda.com/Selenium-tutorials/Mastering-Selenium-Testing-Tools/521207-2.html");

Answer 5

1. 从 seleniumhq 网站下载 gecko 驱动程序（现在在 GitHub 上，你可以从Here 下载它）。
   1. 您将获得一个 zip（或 tar.gz），因此请解压缩它。
   2. 解压后你会得到 geckodriver.exe 文件（在 linux 中合适的可执行文件）。
   3. 在 C 中创建文件夹：命名为 SeleniumGecko（或适当）
   4. 将 geckodriver.exe 复制并粘贴到 SeleniumGecko
   5. 如下设置壁虎驱动的路径

.

System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver","C:\\geckodriver-v0.10.0-win64\\geckodriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

Answer 6

Selenium 客户端绑定将尝试从系统 PATH 中找到 geckodriver 可执行文件。您需要将包含可执行文件的目录添加到系统路径。

• 在 Unix 系统上，如果您使用 bash 兼容的 shell，您可以执行以下操作将其附加到系统的搜索路径：

  export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/geckodriver
  

• 在 Windows 上，您需要更新 Path 系统变量以将完整目录路径添加到可执行文件。原理和Unix上的一样。

以下所有使用任何编程语言绑定启动最新 Firefox 的配置都适用于 Selenium2 以显式启用 Marionette。使用 Selenium 3.0 及更高版本，您无需执行任何操作即可使用 Marionette，因为它已默认启用。

要在测试中使用 Marionette，您需要更新所需的功能以使用它。

Java：

由于例外情况很明显，您需要从here 下载最新的geckodriver.exe，并将下载的geckodriver.exe 路径设置为您计算机中存在的系统属性，其中变量webdriver.gecko.driver 在启动木偶驱动程序并启动firefox 之前作为下面：-

//if you didn't update the Path system variable to add the full directory path to the executable as above mentioned then doing this directly through code
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "path/to/geckodriver.exe");

//Now you can Initialize marionette driver to launch firefox
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
capabilities.setCapability("marionette", true);
WebDriver driver = new MarionetteDriver(capabilities); 

对于Selenium3 使用：-

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

If you're still in trouble follow this link as well which would help you to solving your problem

.NET：

var driver = new FirefoxDriver(new FirefoxOptions());

Python：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities

caps = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX

# Tell the Python bindings to use Marionette.
# This will not be necessary in the future,
# when Selenium will auto-detect what remote end
# it is talking to.
caps["marionette"] = True

# Path to Firefox DevEdition or Nightly.
# Firefox 47 (stable) is currently not supported,
# and may give you a suboptimal experience.
#
# On Mac OS you must point to the binary executable
# inside the application package, such as
# /Applications/FirefoxNightly.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin
caps["binary"] = "/usr/bin/firefox"

driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities=caps)

红宝石：

# Selenium 3 uses Marionette by default when firefox is specified
# Set Marionette in Selenium 2 by directly passing marionette: true
# You might need to specify an alternate path for the desired version of Firefox

Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Binary.path = "/path/to/firefox"
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, marionette: true

JavaScript (Node.js)：

const webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver');
const Capabilities = require('selenium-webdriver/lib/capabilities').Capabilities;

var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox();

// Tell the Node.js bindings to use Marionette.
// This will not be necessary in the future,
// when Selenium will auto-detect what remote end
// it is talking to.
capabilities.set('marionette', true);

var driver = new webdriver.Builder().withCapabilities(capabilities).build();

使用RemoteWebDriver

如果您想在任何语言中使用RemoteWebDriver，这将允许您在Selenium Grid 中使用Marionette。

Python：

caps = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX

# Tell the Python bindings to use Marionette.
# This will not be necessary in the future,
# when Selenium will auto-detect what remote end
# it is talking to.
caps["marionette"] = True

driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities=caps)

红宝石：

# Selenium 3 uses Marionette by default when firefox is specified
# Set Marionette in Selenium 2 by using the Capabilities class
# You might need to specify an alternate path for the desired version of Firefox

caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.firefox marionette: true, firefox_binary: "/path/to/firefox"
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, desired_capabilities: caps

Java：

DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();

// Tell the Java bindings to use Marionette.
// This will not be necessary in the future,
// when Selenium will auto-detect what remote end
// it is talking to.
capabilities.setCapability("marionette", true);

WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(capabilities); 

.NET

DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.Firefox();

// Tell the .NET bindings to use Marionette.
// This will not be necessary in the future,
// when Selenium will auto-detect what remote end
// it is talking to.
capabilities.SetCapability("marionette", true);

var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(capabilities); 

注意：就像其他浏览器供应商提供给 Selenium 的其他驱动程序一样，Mozilla 现在已经发布了一个可以与浏览器一起运行的可执行文件。关注this了解更多详情。

You can download latest geckodriver executable to support latest firefox from here