在文本文件 Java 中写入大量数据的最快方法

Question

我必须在 text[csv] 文件中写入大量数据。我使用 BufferedWriter 写入数据，写入 174 mb 数据大约需要 40 秒。这是 java 能提供的最快速度吗？

bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter ( new FileWriter ( "fileName.csv" ) );

注意：这 40 秒还包括迭代和从结果集中获取记录的时间。 :) 。 174 mb 用于结果集中的 400000 行。

Answer 1

您可以尝试删除 BufferedWriter 并直接使用 FileWriter。在现代系统上，您很有可能只是在写入驱动器的缓存。

写入 175MB（400 万个字符串）需要 4-5 秒——这是在双核 2.4GHz 戴尔运行 Windows XP 和 80GB、7200-RPM 日立磁盘上。

你能区分出记录检索的时间和文件写入的时间吗？

import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class FileWritingPerfTest {
    

private static final int ITERATIONS = 5;
private static final double MEG = (Math.pow(1024, 2));
private static final int RECORD_COUNT = 4000000;
private static final String RECORD = "Help I am trapped in a fortune cookie factory\n";
private static final int RECSIZE = RECORD.getBytes().length;

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    List<String> records = new ArrayList<String>(RECORD_COUNT);
    int size = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < RECORD_COUNT; i++) {
        records.add(RECORD);
        size += RECSIZE;
    }
    System.out.println(records.size() + " 'records'");
    System.out.println(size / MEG + " MB");
    
    for (int i = 0; i < ITERATIONS; i++) {
        System.out.println("\nIteration " + i);
        
        writeRaw(records);
        writeBuffered(records, 8192);
        writeBuffered(records, (int) MEG);
        writeBuffered(records, 4 * (int) MEG);
    }
}

private static void writeRaw(List<String> records) throws IOException {
    File file = File.createTempFile("foo", ".txt");
    try {
        FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(file);
        System.out.print("Writing raw... ");
        write(records, writer);
    } finally {
        // comment this out if you want to inspect the files afterward
        file.delete();
    }
}

private static void writeBuffered(List<String> records, int bufSize) throws IOException {
    File file = File.createTempFile("foo", ".txt");
    try {
        FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(file);
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(writer, bufSize);
    
        System.out.print("Writing buffered (buffer size: " + bufSize + ")... ");
        write(records, bufferedWriter);
    } finally {
        // comment this out if you want to inspect the files afterward
        file.delete();
    }
}

private static void write(List<String> records, Writer writer) throws IOException {
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    for (String record: records) {
        writer.write(record);
    }
    // writer.flush(); // close() should take care of this
    writer.close(); 
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
    System.out.println((end - start) / 1000f + " seconds");
}
}

Answer 2

尝试内存映射文件（在我的 m/c、core 2 duo、2.5GB RAM 中写入 174MB 需要 300 m/s）：

byte[] buffer = "Help I am trapped in a fortune cookie factory\n".getBytes();
int number_of_lines = 400000;

FileChannel rwChannel = new RandomAccessFile("textfile.txt", "rw").getChannel();
ByteBuffer wrBuf = rwChannel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, buffer.length * number_of_lines);
for (int i = 0; i < number_of_lines; i++)
{
    wrBuf.put(buffer);
}
rwChannel.close();

Answer 3

仅供统计：

机器是旧的戴尔新SSD

CPU：英特尔奔腾 D 2,8 Ghz

SSD：爱国者地狱 120GB SSD

4000000 'records'
175.47607421875 MB

Iteration 0
Writing raw... 3.547 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 8192)... 2.625 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 1048576)... 2.203 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 4194304)... 2.312 seconds

Iteration 1
Writing raw... 2.922 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 8192)... 2.406 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 1048576)... 2.015 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 4194304)... 2.282 seconds

Iteration 2
Writing raw... 2.828 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 8192)... 2.109 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 1048576)... 2.078 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 4194304)... 2.015 seconds

Iteration 3
Writing raw... 3.187 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 8192)... 2.109 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 1048576)... 2.094 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 4194304)... 2.031 seconds

Iteration 4
Writing raw... 3.093 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 8192)... 2.141 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 1048576)... 2.063 seconds
Writing buffered (buffer size: 4194304)... 2.016 seconds

正如我们所见，原始方法的缓冲速度较慢。

Answer 4

您的传输速度可能不受 Java 限制。相反，我会怀疑（没有特别的顺序）

1. 从数据库传输的速度
2. 传输到磁盘的速度

如果您读取完整的数据集然后将其写入磁盘，那么这将花费更长的时间，因为 JVM 将必须分配内存，并且 db rea/disk 写入将按顺序进行。相反，我会为您从数据库中进行的每次读取写入缓冲写入器，因此该操作将更接近于并发操作（我不知道您是否这样做）

Answer 5

对于这些从 DB 读取的大容量数据，您可能需要调整 Statement 的 获取大小。它可能会节省大量往返 DB 的时间。

http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/api/java/sql/Statement.html#setFetchSize%28int%29

Answer 6

package all.is.well;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * @author Naresh Bhabat
 * 
Following  implementation helps to deal with extra large files in java.
This program is tested for dealing with 2GB input file.
There are some points where extra logic can be added in future.


Pleasenote: if we want to deal with binary input file, then instead of reading line,we need to read bytes from read file object.



It uses random access file,which is almost like streaming API.


 * ****************************************
Notes regarding executor framework and its readings.
Please note :ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

 *  	   for 10 threads:Total time required for reading and writing the text in
 *         :seconds 349.317
 * 
 *         For 100:Total time required for reading the text and writing   : seconds 464.042
 * 
 *         For 1000 : Total time required for reading and writing text :466.538 
 *         For 10000  Total time required for reading and writing in seconds 479.701
 *
 * 
 */
public class DealWithHugeRecordsinFile extends TestCase {

	static final String FILEPATH = "C:\\springbatch\\bigfile1.txt.txt";
	static final String FILEPATH_WRITE = "C:\\springbatch\\writinghere.txt";
	static volatile RandomAccessFile fileToWrite;
	static volatile RandomAccessFile file;
	static volatile String fileContentsIter;
	static volatile int position = 0;

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
		long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();

		try {
			fileToWrite = new RandomAccessFile(FILEPATH_WRITE, "rw");//for random write,independent of thread obstacles 
			file = new RandomAccessFile(FILEPATH, "r");//for random read,independent of thread obstacles 
			seriouslyReadProcessAndWriteAsynch();

		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
		System.out.println(currentThread.getName());
		long currentTimeMillis2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
		double time_seconds = (currentTimeMillis2 - currentTimeMillis) / 1000.0;
		System.out.println("Total time required for reading the text in seconds " + time_seconds);

	}

	/**
	 * @throws IOException
	 * Something  asynchronously serious
	 */
	public static void seriouslyReadProcessAndWriteAsynch() throws IOException {
		ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);//pls see for explanation in comments section of the class
		while (true) {
			String readLine = file.readLine();
			if (readLine == null) {
				break;
			}
			Runnable genuineWorker = new Runnable() {
				@Override
				public void run() {
					// do hard processing here in this thread,i have consumed
					// some time and eat some exception in write method.
					writeToFile(FILEPATH_WRITE, readLine);
					// System.out.println(" :" +
					// Thread.currentThread().getName());

				}
			};
			executor.execute(genuineWorker);
		}
		executor.shutdown();
		while (!executor.isTerminated()) {
		}
		System.out.println("Finished all threads");
		file.close();
		fileToWrite.close();
	}

	/**
	 * @param filePath
	 * @param data
	 * @param position
	 */
	private static void writeToFile(String filePath, String data) {
		try {
			// fileToWrite.seek(position);
			data = "\n" + data;
			if (!data.contains("Randomization")) {
				return;
			}
			System.out.println("Let us do something time consuming to make this thread busy"+(position++) + "   :" + data);
			System.out.println("Lets consume through this loop");
			int i=1000;
			while(i>0){
			
				i--;
			}
			fileToWrite.write(data.getBytes());
			throw new Exception();
		} catch (Exception exception) {
			System.out.println("exception was thrown but still we are able to proceeed further"
					+ " \n This can be used for marking failure of the records");
			//exception.printStackTrace();

		}

	}
}

Answer 7

对于那些想要缩短检索记录并转储到文件中的时间（即不对记录进行处理）的人，而不是将它们放入 ArrayList 中，而是将这些记录附加到 StringBuffer 中。应用 toSring() 函数获取单个字符串并立即将其写入文件。

对我来说，检索时间从 22 秒减少到 17 秒。