使用 bash -c 逐行解析

Question

在 bash 中，我逐行解析文件并提取第一个和第二个字段，如下所示：

$ cat myfile
a1 1
a2 2
a3 3
a4

$ while read -r first second; do echo first is $first second is $second; done < myfile
first is a1 second is 1
first is a2 second is 2
first is a3 second is 3
first is a4 second is

现在，我需要将上述命令包含在bash -c 中，因为它将通过kubectl exec 执行。它没有按预期工作，只评估它在最后一行解析的内容：

$ bash -c "while read -r first second; do echo first is $first second is $second; done < myfile"
first is a4 second is
first is a4 second is
first is a4 second is
first is a4 second is

这里缺少什么？

谢谢！

Answer 1

您的参数在父 shell 中扩展，更改您的引号或转义参数扩展：

$ bash -c 'while read -r first second; do echo first is $first second is $second; done < myfile'

或

$ bash -c "while read -r first second; do echo first is \$first second is \$second; done < myfile"

请注意，您几乎应该始终将参数扩展用双引号括起来：

echo "$a"

而不是

echo $a

为了避免分词和路径名扩展。

考虑以下示例，在 POSIX shell 中：

a="hello *"; echo $a;

对

a="hello *"; echo "$a";

所以这会让你的脚本最终看起来像：

$ bash -c 'while read -r first second; do echo first is "$first" second is "$second"; done < myfile'

Answer 2

如果您不想处理复杂的 shell 双引号，首先定义一个函数，您可以在其中手动输入代码，shellcheck 也可以帮助您输入正确的代码：

f() { 
   while IFS=' ' read -r first second; do
        echo "first is $first second is $second";
   done
} 

然后做：

printf "%q\n" "$(declare -f f); f"
$'f () \n{ \n    while IFS=\' \' read -r first second; do\n        echo "first is $first second is $second";\n    done\n}; f'

declare 以可重复使用的形式打印函数定义，然后f 调用该函数。然后你可以复制输出并在 shell 中重新使用它：

bash -c $'f () \n{ \n    while IFS=\' \' read -r first second; do\n        echo "first is $first second is $second";\n    done\n}; f'

$'...' 特定于 Bash C 引用样式，因此在需要时使用与 printf %q 不同的引用函数。